PRESENT PERFECT ever and never

present perfect

The present perfect is used to describe

An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (= and I still do.)

An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. She has been to the cinema twice this week (= and the week isn't over yet.)

The present perfect is used to describe

A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. We have visited Portugal several times.

An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just'. I have just finished my work.

The present perfect is used to describe

An action when the time is not important. He has read 'War and Peace'. (= the result of his reading is important)

Besides the use of "have/has" as an auxiliary, it also uses the past participle verb. The past participle of a regular verb is : the same as the simple past, just adding "ed" at the end like: washed, loved, studied, cleaned. The past participle of an irregular verb sometimes change for complete or stays at the same, like: fly-flew, buy-bought, write-wrote, cut-cut, read-read.

IRREGULAR VERBS

REGULAR VERBS

GRAMMAR STRUCTURE

Affirmative Subject +auxiliary +past participle+ object She has visited her family every year They have eaten fruits

GRAMMAR STRUCTURE

negative Subject +auxiliary+neg +past participle+ object She has not visited her family every year hasn´t They have not eaten fruits haven´t

GRAMMAR STRUCTURE

interrogative Auxiliary+ Subject +past participle+ object ? Has She visited her family every year? Have They eaten fruits?

we often use EVER in a question with the present perfect. It emphasizes that we are talking about "our whole lives up to now"

HAVE YOU EVER LISTENED TO CLASSICAL MUSIC?

goes between subject and verb

past participle verb

We often use NEVER to make a negative sentence with the present perfect. It emphasizes that we are talking about " our whole lives up to now"

I´VE NEVER TRIED RUSSIAN FOOD

goes after the auxiliar verb have/has and before the Past Participle verb

lET´S WATCH A VIDEO ABOUT THE PRESENT PERFECT

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