Mind map Chapter - 2 Constitutional Design

Constitutional Design

Guiding the values of the Indian Constitution.

Making of the Indian Constitution

Why do we need a Constitution?

Democratic Constitution in South Africa

• A set of written rules by all people.
• Generates a degree of trust necessary for different kind of people to live together.
• Specifies how the govt. will be constituted.
• Limit the power of govt.
• Expresses the aspirations of people of creating a good society.

Institutional Design

The path to Constitution

The Dream and the Promise

Philosophy of the Constitution

The Constitution Asssembly

Towards a New Constitution

Struggel aganist Apartheid

• Procedure for chposing persons who govern the country.
• Rights provided to citizens so that government actions are limited.

• Statement of basic values is called Preamble.
• India to be Soverign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.
• To ensure Justice, Liberty, Equality,Fraternity to all citizens.

• In 1928, Motilal Nehru & eight Congress leaders drafted a constitution.
• Inclusion of universal adult franchise, right to freedom, equality, etc..
• Leaders were inspired by ideals of French Revolution, Bill of Rights in US, etc...

• Drafted the constitution.
• 299 members wrote the Indian Constitution.
• Some members were namely, Dr. Rajendra Prasad (first President of India), Jaipal singh (founder of Jharkhand Party), H.C. mookherje

• All inequalities removed from India.

• A system of racial discrimination in South Africa .
• Divided people on the basis of colour (black & white) coloured.

• Apartheid government ended.
• Most extensive rights given to citizens.

• Established by Sir Isaac Newton in 1686
• Gives relationship between force applied and state of motion acquired by it.

Laws of conservation of momentum: If external force action on a system of bodies is zero, the net momentum of system remains conserved

Intertia

• Property of the body by virtue of which it opposes any change in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line .
• Mass is a measure of Intertia.
• Larger the mass, greater is the intertia.

Second Law

Third Law

First Law

To every action there is a equal and opposite reaction; but the action and reaction forces act on different bodies.~ ➙F12 = - ➙F21 ~ Eg ., to walk, the feet push the ground (action) and in turn ground exerts equal force in opposite direction (reaction).

The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to force applied and change in momentum is along the direction of applied force .~ F a △p/△t or F = △p/△t ~ Eg - while catching a ball, hands are moved backwards to reduce the force by the ball on hand.

A body continues in its state of rest oro of uniform motion in a straight line unless an external force acts on it.~ Also called Galileo's law of interia. ~ E.g Book lying on table will only move a force is applied on it by hand.

Rest

Motion

~ Due to this intertia, a body at rest tends to remain at rest.

~ Due to this intertia, a body in uniform motion tends to continue its motion.