COHESION AND COHERENCE

Good morning

10- NARRA

Start

1. Introduction

index

2. Cohesion

3. Good Cohesion

4. Coherence

5. Activity

6. Assimilation

7. Assessment

8. Asynchronous Activities

COHESION AND COHERENCE

Week 7

INTRODUCTION

You are in the so-called 4th Industrial Revolution. It means that you have the power to access tons of information in just a few clicks. This gives you an advantage in accomplishing many tasks –particularly when you are assigned to write essays, research reports and other compositions that require the ability to select relevant information and stitch them into a meaningful piece. This week’s lesson will help you with that particular skill - writing and expanding ideas with cohesion and coherence.

REPEATED WORDS

Repetition of the key term or phrase is the emphasis of an idea through repeating it within sentences or paragraphs. This helps to focus your ideas and to keep your readers on track.

REPEATED WORDS

Sample Text:Epilepsy is a brain or neurological disorder where excess electrical energy causes seizures. Seizures result when the brain's nerve cells, or neurons produce an excessive or abnormal amount of electrical activity. Depending on this activity, three results may occur. First, the seizure may start and stop in one location. Next, it may spread a bit and stop. Finally, it may go through the body's nervous system before stopping.

REFERENCE WORDS

Pronouns are used to refer to something that is mentioned elsewhere in the text.

Anaphoric reference when it substituted an already introduced referent. Example: I went out with Maria on Sunday. She looked beautiful.

Cataphoric reference when the idea being substituted comes after the pronoun.Example: She is really kind, friendly and smart. She is Mia.

TRANSITIONAL WORDS

Transitional words are also called as connectors. These signals the relationship of different ideas and sentences presented. Examples of transitional signals are “and”, “however”, “therefore”, “in addition”, “also”, “but” “moreover, etc.

Example: I like apples, mangoes, and grapes among all fruits. Also, I would love to try dragon fruit that I saw on Tiktok. On the other hand, I will not try durian for its foul smell.

SYNONYMS

Synonyms are words that have essentially the same meaning, and they provide some variety in your word choices, helping the reader to stay focused on the idea being discussed.

Example: Good - fine, excellent, great Cold - chilly, freezing, frosty Hard - Big -

ELLIPSIS

Ellipsis is another cohesive device. Ellipsis is done by omitting out one or more words, because the meaning is clear from the context. Ellipsis is sometimes called substitution by zero, since essentially one or more words are substituted with no word taking their place.

Example: Without an Ellipsis: After school I went to the mall, which was a few blocks away, and then came home. With an Ellipsis: After school I went to the mall … and then came home.

COHESION

Cohesion is an important characteristic of a written text to be lexically and grammatically connected. This word comes from the word cohere, which means 'to stick together'. Cohesion is therefore working to connect the words and sentences that you write. It signals the readers on what the relationships are between the different ideas.

GOOD COHESION

REPEATED WORDS/IDEAS

REFERENCE WORDS

TRANSITION SIGNALS

SYNONYMS

ELLIPSIS

COHERENCE

Coherence means “clarity of expression” and it is created when correct vocabulary and grammar are used. It is a characteristic that makes the reader understand a text easier. It can be achieved by presenting logical bridges and verbal bridges.

PARALLELISM

Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level. The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such “and” or “or” (Purdue Online Writing Lab, n.d.).

PARALLELISM

For words and phrases, make sure to use the same form of word. (i.e., gerund to gerund form, and infinitive to infinitive form.) Do not mix gerund and infinitive form in a sentence. Example:Lily likes dancing, swimming, and to ride a bicycle. I like to jog, bake, paint and watching movies.

PARALLELISM

For clauses, make sure to use only one voice of the verb (active or passive) to achieve parallelism. Compare the three sentences below. 1. The teacher told the students that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and to do some warm-up exercises every day to stay fit. 2. The teacher told the students that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and that they should do some warm-up exercises to stay fit. 3. The teacher told the students that they should get a lot of sleep, not eat too much, and do some warm-up exercises to stay fit.

PARALLELISM

For lists after a colon, be sure to keep all the elements in a list in the same form. Compare the two sentences below. 1. The dictionary can be used to find these: word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and looking up irregular verbs. 2. The dictionary can be used to find these: word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and irregular verbs.

assimilation

COHESION

COHERENCE

lET'S TRY!

Task 1

Task 2

lET'S TRY THIS!

Task 3. Parallelism Read and analyze the set of sentences. Choose the letter of the sentences that follow parallelism principles. Example: a. Minda likes to dance, to swim, and riding a bicycle. b. Minda likes to dance, to swim, and to ride a bicycle. 1. a. Miss Rabiya Mateo has wit, charm, and she has an extremely pleasant personality. b. Miss Rabiya Mateo has wit, charm and a pleasing personality. 2. a. In English class, Aaron loves to read short stories, recite poems, and critique novels. b. In English class, Aaron loves to read short stories, reciting poems, and critiquing novels.

3. a. I wanted three things out of college: to learn a skill, to make friends and to learn about life. b. I wanted three things out of college: to learn a skill, to make good friends and learning about life. 4. a. Mike’s MAPEH grade is higher than Ralph’s. b. Mike’s MAPEH grade is higher than Ralph. 5. a. You should always wear face mask, wash your hands, and keep a safe distance from crowd. b. You should always wear face mask, wash your hands, and keeping a safe distance from crowd.

aSYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY - Google classroom

Task 4Task 5

Instructions: Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false. Write your answers on any available paper. ___1. Cohesion means a written text is lexically and grammatically connected. ___2. Coherence means a text is easy to understand for having ‘logical bridges.’ ___3. Transitional words are pronouns used to refer something that is mentioned elsewhere in the text. ___4. Repetition is done to emphasize an idea by repeating it within sentences or paragraphs. ___5. Parallelism is the use of the same pattern of words/phrases format to avoid confusion.

Assessment

Thanks!