Five significant Dates
IN US HISTORY
INDEX
1. US Independence .................................................................................... July 4, 1776
2 American Civil War ....................................................................... April 12, 1861
3. 1929 Stock Market Crash ......................................... October 24, 1929
4. Hiroshima and Nagasaki ............................................ August 6-8, 1945
5. Covid-19 Pandemic .............................................................. January 21, 2021
U.S. Independence
July 4, 1776
Context
Before the French and Indian War, the British North American colonies lived in salutary neglect. However, the costs of the war caused the British to increase taxation and control over the colonies. This, combined with the lack of representation that they had in the British Parliament, led to a movement for independence and a war that lasted seven years.
What happened
On July 4th of 1776, the Declaration of Independence was approved by the Continental Congress, announcing the separation of the 13th North American British colonies. The declaration was voted upon by all states, except for New York, which abstained from the vote. Although the actual date on which the document was voted is July 2, the announcement was only made on July 4.
Declaration of Independence
The declaration of Independence, drafted by Thomas Jefferson and altered by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston., stated that all men are equal to God and deserving of rights like liberty, life, and happiness. It mentioned specific ways in which King George III violated those rights which the government should protect. Finally, it argued that since the government was withholding these rights, the people should be able to revolt and create a new government.
Declaration of Independence
How that changed history
.Seven years after the declaration of independence, Great Britain finally recognized the independence of the United States with the Treaty of Paris. Not only did that change the course of the United States history, but also of many other countries which were inspired and strived for independence from their colonies in the following years. Moreover, to this day July 4th is celebrated as an American Holiday: Independence Day.
American Civil War
April 12, 1861
Context
During the years of the 1840s to 1850s, the Northern and Southern states in the US began disagreeing over issues like slavery, trade and tariffs, and the doctrine of states’ rights. While Northern states modernized their economies and started believing slavery was morally wrong, Southern states had agricultural economies based on slavery and believed in the individual rights of every state. This led to a Civil War in the United States between the so-called Confederates (Southern) and Unionists (Northern).
What happened
The Civil War began on April 12 of 1861, when the Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter. The fort didn't actually hold any strategic value, instead, its attack was a symbolic act. At 4:30 am, the conflict begins with the shot of a Confederate mortar, and ends 34 hours later with the surrender of a little under Unionist 100 soldiers. However, despite losing the first battle, the Unions did win the Civil War and managed to secure the unification of the United States and the abolishment of slavery.
Reconstruction ammendments
One important consequence of the Unionist Victory was the creation of the reconstruction amendments. The 13th amendment declared the abolishment of slavery, the 14th defined all citizens of the United States as equals, and the 15th gave former slaves the right to vote. Although these amendments were contradicted in the following years of United States history, like with the Jim Crow Laws of the 19th and 20th centuries, they still played a major role in guaranteeing the rights of African Americans.
13th, 14th and 15th ammendments.
How that changed history
The Civil War changed the course of the United States history with its outcome, both constitutionally and socially. Besides the new rights granted to former slaves, the Civil War also changed philosophical thinking and technological advancements in the United States. The enormous death rate of about 2% of the US population made many citizens question their religious beliefs. Moreover, it was the first war where technologies like the telegraph, railroads, machine guns, newspaper coverage, and photographic recordings were used.
Stock Market crash
October 24, 1929
Context
Before the stock market crash in 1929, the United States underwent a decade of rapid economic and industrial growth, and an increase in the culture of consumerism, the roaring 20s. This caused the prices of stocks to increase significantly, and people from all social classes were investing in them. However, in September of 1929, the prices started to decrease, which led people to sell their securities frantically to make a profit or minimize their losses.
What happened
On October 24 of 1929, the selling of stocks reached a record peak of 12.9 million shares traded. The date was labeled as Black Thursday. Major banks and investment companies attempted to decrease the panic by buying great blocks of stocks, but their efforts ultimately failed. The Dow (an index for measuring investments) fell by 6% that day, and much more on the days that followed.
The New York Times, Oct. 30, 1929
The newspapers of the time were constantly reporting on the consequences of the stock crash. The suicide rates, for example, increased by about 4%. The New York Times, only one day after the Black Thursday, reported on one such incident. At that time, however, they weren't aware of the proportion that the situation would take, stating: "at least the visible signs at the crucial moment do not
indicate such spread of spectacular reaction from the
stock exchange into trade and industry as almost
invariably followed our old-time panics."
The New York Times, Oct. 30, 1929
How that changed history
The 1929 Crash market the beginning of the Great Depression, the longest and largest economic recession the United States ever had. Furthermore, the economic problems led to a series of political innovations. Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal was created to deal with the recession, and the American artistic culture developed into socially oriented forms of art. In contrast to the roaring 20s, social values also shifted to reflect more simplicity, which led to inventions of more practical clothing fabrics and the use of inexpensive forms of entertainment like puzzles, card games, and board games.
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
August 6-9, 1945
Context
During the 1930s, the Nazi Party rose to power in Germany and allied itself with Italy and Japan to gain territory and political power. They were opposed, however, by France, Britain, the U.S., the Soviet Union, and China. As a preventative action to hinder the forces of the United States, Japan attacked its base in Pearl Harbor. The United States then retaliated with a massive attack, the nuclear bombing of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
What happened
On August 6 of 1945, The United States threw the atomic bomb called "Little Boy" that decimated a seven square kilometer radius in Hiroshima, killing over seventy thousand immediately. Only three days later, another bomb called "Fat Man" was dropped in Nagasaki, killing over thirty-five thousand people in a 2.9 square kilometer radius. The number of deaths continued to increase over the following months, either because of injuries sustained during the explosion or because of radiation poisoning.
Survival's Testimonials
Those who survived the bombings were left with both physical and emotional scars. Yoshiro Yamawaki, for example, was only 11 years old when "Fat Man" fell 2 kilometers from his house. He has stated that "‘The atom bomb killed victims three times,’ a college professor once said. Indeed, the nuclear blast has three components – heat, pressure wave, and radiation – and was unprecedented in its ability to kill en masse."
Yoshiro Yamawaki83 / Nagasaki / 2.2 km
How that changed history
The bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki had a great impact on the United States' history, not only because of its sheer destructive capabilities but also because of its political consequences. Japan formally surrendered to the Allied powers on September 2 of 1945, thereby ending WWII. However, the use of nuclear power precedented a great period of political tension between the Soviet Union and the United States, the Cold War. Although no direct conflict occurred, there was an imminent nuclear threat from both countries threatening to destroy the world.
Covid-19 Pandemic
January 21, 2020
Context
In December of 2019, a new virus called Covid-19 was reported in Wuhan, a province in China. The virus caused respiratory illness and spread through coughs and sneezes. Although it already existed in animals, transmissions to humans hadn't occurred before and were likely caused by the animal markets in Wuhan. While in January of 2020 only a few cases were confirmed, by April there were more than 1.5 million cases.
What happened
On January 21 of 2020, the United States confirms the first case of coronavirus within the country. A man in his 30's, who had recently traveled to Wahun, tested positive for the virus in Washington. The CDC and World Health Organization began implementing security measures such as entry screening at airports, but at that time both the spread, mortality, and treatment for the virus were largely unknown.
Number of new COVID cases in the US
The number of cases of Covid-19 continued to increase in the US through 2020. As the virus spread, however, the research regarding it progressed. By December, vaccinations started, and the number of cases finally seemed to have decreased.
Number of new cases of corona virus in the United States from January 20, 2020 to April 7, 2021, by day.
How that changed history
Not only did the Covid-19 pandemic affect US History, but it also continues to affect it to this day, as the pandemic still hasn't finished. The event sparked political debates such as the credibility of vaccines and the individual rights of citizens when it comes to the use of masks. Moreover, the pandemic caused an economic decline in the United States. The employment to population ratio was predicted to be 61. 3% but turned out to be 51. 5%. Finally, the virus greatly impacted the US population with its deaths, as more than 595.000 people have died because of it.
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Significant dates in US History
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Transcript
Five significant Dates
IN US HISTORY
INDEX
1. US Independence .................................................................................... July 4, 1776
2 American Civil War ....................................................................... April 12, 1861
3. 1929 Stock Market Crash ......................................... October 24, 1929
4. Hiroshima and Nagasaki ............................................ August 6-8, 1945
5. Covid-19 Pandemic .............................................................. January 21, 2021
U.S. Independence
July 4, 1776
Context
Before the French and Indian War, the British North American colonies lived in salutary neglect. However, the costs of the war caused the British to increase taxation and control over the colonies. This, combined with the lack of representation that they had in the British Parliament, led to a movement for independence and a war that lasted seven years.
What happened
On July 4th of 1776, the Declaration of Independence was approved by the Continental Congress, announcing the separation of the 13th North American British colonies. The declaration was voted upon by all states, except for New York, which abstained from the vote. Although the actual date on which the document was voted is July 2, the announcement was only made on July 4.
Declaration of Independence
The declaration of Independence, drafted by Thomas Jefferson and altered by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston., stated that all men are equal to God and deserving of rights like liberty, life, and happiness. It mentioned specific ways in which King George III violated those rights which the government should protect. Finally, it argued that since the government was withholding these rights, the people should be able to revolt and create a new government.
Declaration of Independence
How that changed history
.Seven years after the declaration of independence, Great Britain finally recognized the independence of the United States with the Treaty of Paris. Not only did that change the course of the United States history, but also of many other countries which were inspired and strived for independence from their colonies in the following years. Moreover, to this day July 4th is celebrated as an American Holiday: Independence Day.
American Civil War
April 12, 1861
Context
During the years of the 1840s to 1850s, the Northern and Southern states in the US began disagreeing over issues like slavery, trade and tariffs, and the doctrine of states’ rights. While Northern states modernized their economies and started believing slavery was morally wrong, Southern states had agricultural economies based on slavery and believed in the individual rights of every state. This led to a Civil War in the United States between the so-called Confederates (Southern) and Unionists (Northern).
What happened
The Civil War began on April 12 of 1861, when the Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter. The fort didn't actually hold any strategic value, instead, its attack was a symbolic act. At 4:30 am, the conflict begins with the shot of a Confederate mortar, and ends 34 hours later with the surrender of a little under Unionist 100 soldiers. However, despite losing the first battle, the Unions did win the Civil War and managed to secure the unification of the United States and the abolishment of slavery.
Reconstruction ammendments
One important consequence of the Unionist Victory was the creation of the reconstruction amendments. The 13th amendment declared the abolishment of slavery, the 14th defined all citizens of the United States as equals, and the 15th gave former slaves the right to vote. Although these amendments were contradicted in the following years of United States history, like with the Jim Crow Laws of the 19th and 20th centuries, they still played a major role in guaranteeing the rights of African Americans.
13th, 14th and 15th ammendments.
How that changed history
The Civil War changed the course of the United States history with its outcome, both constitutionally and socially. Besides the new rights granted to former slaves, the Civil War also changed philosophical thinking and technological advancements in the United States. The enormous death rate of about 2% of the US population made many citizens question their religious beliefs. Moreover, it was the first war where technologies like the telegraph, railroads, machine guns, newspaper coverage, and photographic recordings were used.
Stock Market crash
October 24, 1929
Context
Before the stock market crash in 1929, the United States underwent a decade of rapid economic and industrial growth, and an increase in the culture of consumerism, the roaring 20s. This caused the prices of stocks to increase significantly, and people from all social classes were investing in them. However, in September of 1929, the prices started to decrease, which led people to sell their securities frantically to make a profit or minimize their losses.
What happened
On October 24 of 1929, the selling of stocks reached a record peak of 12.9 million shares traded. The date was labeled as Black Thursday. Major banks and investment companies attempted to decrease the panic by buying great blocks of stocks, but their efforts ultimately failed. The Dow (an index for measuring investments) fell by 6% that day, and much more on the days that followed.
The New York Times, Oct. 30, 1929
The newspapers of the time were constantly reporting on the consequences of the stock crash. The suicide rates, for example, increased by about 4%. The New York Times, only one day after the Black Thursday, reported on one such incident. At that time, however, they weren't aware of the proportion that the situation would take, stating: "at least the visible signs at the crucial moment do not indicate such spread of spectacular reaction from the stock exchange into trade and industry as almost invariably followed our old-time panics."
The New York Times, Oct. 30, 1929
How that changed history
The 1929 Crash market the beginning of the Great Depression, the longest and largest economic recession the United States ever had. Furthermore, the economic problems led to a series of political innovations. Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal was created to deal with the recession, and the American artistic culture developed into socially oriented forms of art. In contrast to the roaring 20s, social values also shifted to reflect more simplicity, which led to inventions of more practical clothing fabrics and the use of inexpensive forms of entertainment like puzzles, card games, and board games.
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
August 6-9, 1945
Context
During the 1930s, the Nazi Party rose to power in Germany and allied itself with Italy and Japan to gain territory and political power. They were opposed, however, by France, Britain, the U.S., the Soviet Union, and China. As a preventative action to hinder the forces of the United States, Japan attacked its base in Pearl Harbor. The United States then retaliated with a massive attack, the nuclear bombing of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
What happened
On August 6 of 1945, The United States threw the atomic bomb called "Little Boy" that decimated a seven square kilometer radius in Hiroshima, killing over seventy thousand immediately. Only three days later, another bomb called "Fat Man" was dropped in Nagasaki, killing over thirty-five thousand people in a 2.9 square kilometer radius. The number of deaths continued to increase over the following months, either because of injuries sustained during the explosion or because of radiation poisoning.
Survival's Testimonials
Those who survived the bombings were left with both physical and emotional scars. Yoshiro Yamawaki, for example, was only 11 years old when "Fat Man" fell 2 kilometers from his house. He has stated that "‘The atom bomb killed victims three times,’ a college professor once said. Indeed, the nuclear blast has three components – heat, pressure wave, and radiation – and was unprecedented in its ability to kill en masse."
Yoshiro Yamawaki83 / Nagasaki / 2.2 km
How that changed history
The bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki had a great impact on the United States' history, not only because of its sheer destructive capabilities but also because of its political consequences. Japan formally surrendered to the Allied powers on September 2 of 1945, thereby ending WWII. However, the use of nuclear power precedented a great period of political tension between the Soviet Union and the United States, the Cold War. Although no direct conflict occurred, there was an imminent nuclear threat from both countries threatening to destroy the world.
Covid-19 Pandemic
January 21, 2020
Context
In December of 2019, a new virus called Covid-19 was reported in Wuhan, a province in China. The virus caused respiratory illness and spread through coughs and sneezes. Although it already existed in animals, transmissions to humans hadn't occurred before and were likely caused by the animal markets in Wuhan. While in January of 2020 only a few cases were confirmed, by April there were more than 1.5 million cases.
What happened
On January 21 of 2020, the United States confirms the first case of coronavirus within the country. A man in his 30's, who had recently traveled to Wahun, tested positive for the virus in Washington. The CDC and World Health Organization began implementing security measures such as entry screening at airports, but at that time both the spread, mortality, and treatment for the virus were largely unknown.
Number of new COVID cases in the US
The number of cases of Covid-19 continued to increase in the US through 2020. As the virus spread, however, the research regarding it progressed. By December, vaccinations started, and the number of cases finally seemed to have decreased.
Number of new cases of corona virus in the United States from January 20, 2020 to April 7, 2021, by day.
How that changed history
Not only did the Covid-19 pandemic affect US History, but it also continues to affect it to this day, as the pandemic still hasn't finished. The event sparked political debates such as the credibility of vaccines and the individual rights of citizens when it comes to the use of masks. Moreover, the pandemic caused an economic decline in the United States. The employment to population ratio was predicted to be 61. 3% but turned out to be 51. 5%. Finally, the virus greatly impacted the US population with its deaths, as more than 595.000 people have died because of it.
THANKS!
THANKS!
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