Kyoto Protocol

Kyoto Protocol, 1997

Monitoring system

Kyoto Mechanisms

What is Kyoto Protocol?

Targets

It established a rigorous monitoring, review and verification system, as well as a compliance system to ensure transparency and hold parties to account. Under the protocol, countries' actual emissions have to be monitored and precise records have to be kept of the trades carried out. Eg:- Registry System- Reporting- Adaptation Fund

The targets for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol cover emissions of the 6 main GHG, namely: • Carbon dioxide (CO2) • Methane (CH4) • Nitrous oxide (N2O) • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) • Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) • Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

Kyoto Protocol was adopted on 11 December 1997. It operationalizes the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by committing industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets. The Convention itself only asks those countries to adopt policies and measures on mitigation and to report periodically. The Protocol imposed emission limits only on Annex I (developed) countries.

The important element of the protocol was the establishment of flexible market mechanisms, which are based on the trade of emissions permits but there are also some additional means which is International Emission Trading, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) & Joint Implementation (JI).

Record

Reduce GHG

Mechanisims

6 Top GHG