Gas Law Flipbook

Gas Law Flipbook

Properties of Gases

Quantaties needed to define state of gas: - The QUANTITY of the gas, n (moles) - The TEMPERATURE of gas, T (Kelvins) - The VOLUME of the gas, V (liters) - The PRESSURE of the gas, P (atmospheres)

Kinetic Molecular Theory

-All particles are in constant and random motion - All collisions between particles are elastic (even exchange of E) - The volume of the particles in a gas is negligible - The average kinetic energy of the molecules is its temperature in Kelvins

This theory is ONLY assumptions! This theory neglects intermolecular forces, and gases expand to fill their container. Solids and liquids are not compressible.

Volume Temperature Pressure

Definition: The measure of the force that a gas exerts on it's container Units: Force/unit areas: N/m^2 : definition of 1.0 Pascal Conversion Method: 1 Pa = 1 N/m^2

Definition: The amount of space that a substance or object occupies. Units: Cubic meter: 1m^3 Conversion Method: Liters to Millimeters

Definition: Measure of the degree of heat. (is used to measure tha amount of kinetic energy something has). Units: Kelvins Conversion Method: N/A

Ideal Gas Law

Definition: A description of gas behavior that permits you to solve for the number of moles of a contained gas when given only one value each of P, V, and TVariables Related: P= Pressure V=Volume T=Temperature

Avogadro's Principle / Molar Volume

Definition: The volume of one mole of a substance

Definition: Under the same temperatures and conditions, equal volumes of different gases contain the same amount of molecules. New Conversion Factor: 22.4 L= 1 mol at STP STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure, used for calculations of gases

Boyle's Law

Definition: The volume of a confined gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted on the gas (all gases behave in the same manner). Variables Related: Pressure and Volume Varibles Constant: Temperature Equation: P1V1=P2V2

Charle's Law

Defintion: If a given quantity of gas is held at a constant pressure, then its volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (must be in Kelvins) Variables Related: Temperature and Volume Variables Constant: Pressure Formula: V1T2=V2T1

Gay-Lussac's Law

Defintion: volumes of gases always combine with one another in the ratio of small whole numbers, as long as volumes are measured at the same T and P. Variables Related: pressure and temperature Variables Constant: volume Formula: P1T2=P2T1

Combined Law

Defintion: Combines the laws of Boyle, Charles, and Gay-Lussac Variables Related: V1, T1, P2, V2, T2, P1 Variables Constant: Moles Formula: P1V1/T1N1=P2V2/T2N2

Practice Problems