PAST PERFECT

Past perfect

English LEVEL 4 CEC

INDEX

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Form

Usage

Examples

Time Expressions

All the information is used only with educational purpose and free for replications in the educational field. By Mr H.

Past perfect form

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affirmative

S + had + past participle + C He had finished the test when the bell rang.

negative

S + had + not + past participle + C He had not finished the test when the bell rang.

interrogative

Had + S + past participle + C + ? Had he finished the test when the bell rang?

USAGE

We use the past perfect with:

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Action finished before another past action.

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Action happened before a specific time in the past.

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Action started in the past and continued up to a given time in the past.

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Cause and effect (combine with Past simple.)

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Emphasize the result of an activity in the past.

Examples:

We use the past perfect with:

John had gone out when his wife arrived in the office.

Julia had never been to an opera before last night.

We had owned that car for ten years before it broke down.

I got stuck in traffic because there had been an accident.

I had been to London twice by the time I got a job in New York.

Time expressions:

We use the past perfect with:

Already

Yet

For

Since

Just

After

Before, Until, ..........

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