TOPIC 32

CHARACTERISTICS

DEFINITION

TIME: Genette talked about: ORDER: relation btw the assumed sequence of events and the actual presentation. Any change is called anachrony. Analepses: flashbacks.Prolepses: flashfowards. DURATION: the amount of space devoted to present the events. Ellipsis: spatio-temporal jump. Descriptive pause: lot of text without story duration. Summary: pace is accelereted Scene: pace is decelerated FREQUENCY: how often st happens in the story. Singulative: n times what happens n times. Repetitive: n times what happens only once Iterative: tell once what happens n times. SETTING:Casual (cause how charact.are) Analogical (if similar to a charact) READER/LISTENER: the writer is influenced by them. There can be a fictional reader as in Pamela

TOPIC 32. EL TEXTO NARRATIVO

All narrations share certain characteristics:

• artificial fabrication
• pre-fabrication
• seem to have a goal
• must have a teller
• exploit displacement

It sequences people in time and place, one or more problems appear but are solved. Its main function is to entertain and hold reader's attention.

AUTHOR: writes the story NARRATOR-POV: the speaking voice inside the fictional world. NARRATIVE VOICE: heterodiegetic: absent form the story. homodiegetic: part of the story autodiegetic: the hero of the story FOCALIZATION: zero: omniscient internal: as much as a character external: know less than characters TIME OF NARRATION: subsequent, prior, simultaneous and interpolated. CHARACTERS: INDIVIDUALS: ROUND TYPES: FLAT GREIMAS' ACTIAN MODEL: -axis of desire: subject-object -axis of power: helper-oponent -axis of trasnmission. sender-receiver. PLOT/STORY: series of events arranged chronologically. Smt the narrative order and the natural order don't coincide.

During the 60's-70's linguists began to analyse the language in use, not isolated sentences. This is called DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

TEXT: a stretch of language that can be understood in context. It forms a unified whole and has a semantic menaning. It is distinguised from a disconected sequence of sentences by the means of COHESION, COHERENCE and ADEQUACY. According to theis main function there are 5 types of text: -Descriptive: gives a mental picture of a scene, object, person or situation -Expository: explain, clarify. Intro-development-conclusion. Devices: illustrations, titles, subtitles, bold, italics, etc. -Argumentative: support or weaken statements whose validity is questionable. - Conversational or dialogical: verbal exchanges between speakers. - Narrative: tells a story. Orientation-comlication-resolution. Intimately connected with time. It's the most universal genre. Narrative text are usually realised in the form of a novel. Grew in popularity in the 18c. thanks to the middle class, the liberty of press and the .Copyright Act (1709)

BASIC STRUCTURES: UNIVERSALS

ABSTRACTS: this is the title or introductory element. ORIENTATION: time, place and character orientation is needed. COMPLICATION: the hero must achieve a goal, but there's usually a complication RESOLUTION: climax. The goal is attained, but the hero may be defeated. CODA: moral

VARIETIES -FACTUAL -FICTIONAL