Structure and function
Digestive System
Science 5th. grademay 2021
Objective
Identify and describe through models the basic structures of the digestive system (mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus) and their roles in digestion, absorption of food, and elimination of waste.
Stuctures of D.S.
MOUTH
The organs of the D.S. are organized inside the body, forming a continuos structure called the digestive tract. The organs of the digestive tract, together with accesory organs, form the D.S. *Accesory organs: organs which produce and released various liquids into the disgestive tract that helps in the digestion of food.
ESOPHAGUS
LIVER
STOMACH
GALLBLADDER
Tempor abo
LARGE INTESTINE
PANCREAS
SMALL INTESTINE
RECTUM
Function of the D.S.
When we eat, there are a series of processes that are in motion when we eat food (ingest). The purpose of these is to extract nutrients from the food. There are 4 processes that occur in the following order: 1. Ingestion: food enters the mouth. 2. Digestion: transformation of food in the digestive tract. 3. Absorption: nutrients enter the blood. 4. Egestion: elimination of waste through the anus.
1. Ingestion & beginning of the digestive process of food
-Ingestion: when food enters to the mouth.-Digestion of food also begins here and finishes in the first part of the small intestine. Here, food breaks down until nutrients are obtained separately. -Mouth: cavity made up of teeth, tongue and salivary glands (secretory organ that produces saliva). When food enters, teeth crush food and become small fragments. This is called mechanical digestion of food. Food is lubricated by saliva, forming a mixture called bolus.
1. Ingestion & beginning of the digestive process of food
Chemical digestion starts when bolus is formed, thanks to the action of a subtance present in saliva, salivary amylase, that breaks down food rich in carbohydrates. -To end, the bolus is pushed by the tongue trough the digestive tract by a mechanism called swallowing. -After being swallowed, the bolus moves to a muscular conuit called esophagus. -The walls of the esophagus contract and relaxes. This momevent is called peristalsis.
2. Second process in the disgestion
-The bolus moves from the esophagus to the stomach (hollow elastic bag). in form of a J. It mixes with gastric juices, that are acids secreted by the gastric mucosa to form a subtances called chyme. -Part of the chemical digestion of preoteins and lipids happens in the stomach. Other subtances that help in this, are secreted in the stomach (digestive enzymes). -Chyme travels from the stomach to the small intestine, that is divided in 3 regions: 1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum
2. Second process in the disgestion
-The duodenum receives the chyme and secretions made up by the accesory organs (pancreas and liver). -Secretions of the accesory organs together with the intestinal juice are mixed with the chyme, reducing the acidity and forming a mixture called chyle. -Chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids finishes in the small intestine.
Organs that help in the digestion process
1. Liver
-LOCATION: Large organ that is located in the upper right-hand side of the abdominal cavity (under the diaphragm and above the stomach). -FUNCTION: produce bilis, substance that helps digestion of fats. Is stored until needed in the glallbladder.
2. Pancreas
-LOCATION: behind the stomach. -FUNCTION: produce and release substances that participate in the disgestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
ViDEO
How digestive system woerks
Structure and function D.S. - 5th. Grade
Ma. Carolina
Created on May 2, 2021
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Transcript
Structure and function
Digestive System
Science 5th. grademay 2021
Objective
Identify and describe through models the basic structures of the digestive system (mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus) and their roles in digestion, absorption of food, and elimination of waste.
Stuctures of D.S.
MOUTH
The organs of the D.S. are organized inside the body, forming a continuos structure called the digestive tract. The organs of the digestive tract, together with accesory organs, form the D.S. *Accesory organs: organs which produce and released various liquids into the disgestive tract that helps in the digestion of food.
ESOPHAGUS
LIVER
STOMACH
GALLBLADDER
Tempor abo
LARGE INTESTINE
PANCREAS
SMALL INTESTINE
RECTUM
Function of the D.S.
When we eat, there are a series of processes that are in motion when we eat food (ingest). The purpose of these is to extract nutrients from the food. There are 4 processes that occur in the following order: 1. Ingestion: food enters the mouth. 2. Digestion: transformation of food in the digestive tract. 3. Absorption: nutrients enter the blood. 4. Egestion: elimination of waste through the anus.
1. Ingestion & beginning of the digestive process of food
-Ingestion: when food enters to the mouth.-Digestion of food also begins here and finishes in the first part of the small intestine. Here, food breaks down until nutrients are obtained separately. -Mouth: cavity made up of teeth, tongue and salivary glands (secretory organ that produces saliva). When food enters, teeth crush food and become small fragments. This is called mechanical digestion of food. Food is lubricated by saliva, forming a mixture called bolus.
1. Ingestion & beginning of the digestive process of food
Chemical digestion starts when bolus is formed, thanks to the action of a subtance present in saliva, salivary amylase, that breaks down food rich in carbohydrates. -To end, the bolus is pushed by the tongue trough the digestive tract by a mechanism called swallowing. -After being swallowed, the bolus moves to a muscular conuit called esophagus. -The walls of the esophagus contract and relaxes. This momevent is called peristalsis.
2. Second process in the disgestion
-The bolus moves from the esophagus to the stomach (hollow elastic bag). in form of a J. It mixes with gastric juices, that are acids secreted by the gastric mucosa to form a subtances called chyme. -Part of the chemical digestion of preoteins and lipids happens in the stomach. Other subtances that help in this, are secreted in the stomach (digestive enzymes). -Chyme travels from the stomach to the small intestine, that is divided in 3 regions: 1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum
2. Second process in the disgestion
-The duodenum receives the chyme and secretions made up by the accesory organs (pancreas and liver). -Secretions of the accesory organs together with the intestinal juice are mixed with the chyme, reducing the acidity and forming a mixture called chyle. -Chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids finishes in the small intestine.
Organs that help in the digestion process
1. Liver
-LOCATION: Large organ that is located in the upper right-hand side of the abdominal cavity (under the diaphragm and above the stomach). -FUNCTION: produce bilis, substance that helps digestion of fats. Is stored until needed in the glallbladder.
2. Pancreas
-LOCATION: behind the stomach. -FUNCTION: produce and release substances that participate in the disgestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
ViDEO
How digestive system woerks