Policing

Community Police & Intelligence-led Police

Keeping the peace and maintaining law and order.

What are the differences between Community and Intelligence-led Policing?

Clarrify terms...

Community Police

Community Police

‘…a philosophy and organisational strategy to allow community residents and police to work together in new ways to solve problems of crime, fear of crime, physical and social disorder and neighbourhood decay’.

(Tilley, 2011)

London

1829

Metropolitan police

(OSCE, 2014)

Metropolitan police

(OSCE, 2014)

"Policing was said to be police-oriented rather than community-oriented, with the need for policing to shift towards a ‘service’ ethos"

(Savage, 2007)

2000

Natiunal Reassurance Police Programme (NRPP)

2005

Neighbourhood Police Programme

(Longstaff et al. 2015)

Objectives:

To contribute to liberty, equality and fraternity,

To help reconcile freedom with security and to uphold the law,

To uphold and protect human rights and thus help achieve human dignity,

To help create trust in communities,

To strengthen security and feelings of security,

To investigate, detect and activate the prosecution of crimes,

To facilitate free movement along public thoroughfares,

To curb public disorder,

To deal with crises and help those in distress involving other agencies where needed.

(Alderson , 1979)

Neighbourhood Police Teams

Police Community Support Officers (CSOs)

Sargent

Police constables

Be seen and approachable,

Know the neighbourhood and known,

Listen to people’s concerns and respond to them,

Engage and mobilize citizens groups.

Be accountable for their actions,

(OSCE, 2014)

-Conducting surveys to measure community satisfaction, -Organizing meetings and crime prevention seminars, -Publishing newsletters, -Forming neighborhood watch programs, -Establishing advisory panels, -Organizing youth activities, -Conducting drug-education projects and media campaigns, -Working with municipal agencies to enforce health and safety regulations, -Foot patrols (horses and bicycles) or door-knocking, -Hotspots policing.

(Skogan and Hartnett ,1997)

(Longstaff et al. 2015)

(Laycock and Tilley, 1995).

(Taylor et al., 2010)

CAMPS

Consultation, Adaptation, Mobilisation and Problem- Solving

(Tilley, 2011)

Example:

(OSCE, 2014)

Inteligence-Led Police

Inteligence-Led Police

"Intelligence-led policing involves developing and maintaining a detailed and up-to-date picture of patterns of crime and criminality in order to intervene most effectively to disrupt networks and remove prolific offenders. "

(Tilley, 2011)

Intelligence is data, information and knowledge that have been evaluated, analysed and presented in a decision-making format for action-oriented purposes.

(OSCE , 2017)

(OSCE , 2017)

NIM

The National Intelligence Model

(Tilley, 2011)

Level 1: (Local level) covering local issues, including the whole range of categories and levels of crime, notably volume crime. Level 2: (Regional level) covering cross-border issues, where crime issues cross jurisdictional borders and where intelligence therefore needs to be shared. Level 3: (National level) covering serious and organised crime operating on a national or international scale.

(Tilley, 2011)

‘Strategic’ ‘Tasking and Co-ordination Group’ (TCG)

1. Targeting offenders. 2. Management of hotspots. 3. Investigation of offences forming series. 4. Application of ‘preventative measures such as CCTV, lighting or commu- nity action initiatives’

(Tilley, 2011)

Example:

(OSCE, 2017)

Community Police

Intelligence-led Police

(OSCE, 2017)

Community police:

Intelligence-led police:

Intelligence-led policing is concerned with traditional police priorities: the detection of crime and the apprehension of serious and prolific offenders.Enforcement can be made smarter by assiduously assembling, analysing and acting on information relating to the activities and organisation of major and prolific offenders. Enforcement efforts can in this way be better targeted and the community thereby better served.

Community police emphasis less law enforcement, in a way that police have authority, but their main focus is to exercise it on behalf and with the community to achieve ends defined by both parts.

(Tilley, 2011)

Community police:

Intelligence-led police:

Successes Community policing is associated with smooth and contented community functioning achieved through community members and community institutions.

Successes in ILP Means ‘good arrests’ and ‘good sentences’.

(Tilley, 2011)

Community Police

Intelligence-led Police

(OSCE, 2017)

Good Funtioning of Society

(OSCE, 2017)

Alderson, J. (1977) Communal Policing. Exeter: Devon And Cornwall Constabulary. (2) Alderson, J. (1997) Policing Freedom. Plymouth: Macdonald & Evans. 3rd ed. Macdonald and Evans 3. Laycock, G. and Tilley, N. (1995) "Policing And Neighbourhood Watch: Strategic Issues". London: Home Office Longstaff, A., Willer, J., Chapman, J., Czarnomski, S. and Graham, J. (2015) "Neighbourhood Policing: Past, Present And Future A Review Of The Literature". The Police Foundation Chapter 2, 3, 4, 5. 5. OSCE “Guidebook Intelligence-Led Policing” (2017) 1st ed. Vienna: OSCE OSCE (2014) “Preventing Terrorism And Countering Violent Extremism And Radicalization That Lead To Terrorism: A Community-Policing Approach” (2nd edn). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Vienna Savage, S. (2007) "Neighbourhood Policing And The Reinvention Of The Constable". Policing 1 (2), 203-213 Scarman, L. (1982) The Scarman Report: The Brixton Disorders. 2nd ed. Harmondsworth: Penguin Skogan, W. and Hartnett, S. (1997) "Community Policing, Chicago Style". Oxford University Press, NY (3) Taylor, B., Koper, C. and Woods, D. (2010) "A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Different Policing Strategies At Hot Spots Of Violent Crime". Journal Of Experimental Criminology 7 (2), 149-181 Tilley, N. (2011) Handbook Of Policing. 2nd ed. London: Taylor & Francis