DIFFERENT
GAS LAWS
CHEMISTRY 10
DEFINITION
laws that relate the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. These two laws can be combined to form the ideal gas law, asingle generalization of the behaviour of gases known as an
equation of state, PV = nRT, where n is the number of grammoles of a gas and R is called the universal gas constant
THERE ARE FIVE
TYPES OF LAWS
- BOYLE'S LAWBOYLE'S LAW
- GAY LUSSAC'S LAW
- CHARLE'S LAW
- AVOGADOR'S LAW
- IDEAL GAS LAW
IMPORTANT VARIABLESIMPORTANT VARIABLES
P=PREASSURE
V=VOLUME N=NUMBER OF MOLES
T= TEMPERATURE
R=0.08206(ATM)(KELVIN)
(LITERS)(MOL)P=PREASSURE
V=VOLUME N=NUMBER OF MOLES
T= TEMPERATURE
R=0.08206(ATM)(KELVIN)
(LITERS)(MOL)
BOYLE'S
LAW
Boyle’s law, also called Mariotte’s law, a relation concerning the
compression and expansion of a gas at constant temperature.
This empirical relation, formulated by the physicist Robert Boyle
in 1662, states that the pressure (p) of a given quantity of gas
varies inversely with its volume (v) at constant temperature; i.e.,
in equation form, pv = k, a constant. The relationship was also
discovered by the French physicist Edme Mariotte (1676).
WHO FORMULATED
BOYLE'S LAW?WHO FORMULATED
BOYLE'S LAW?
In 1654 Otto von Guericke had invented the vacuum
pump. ... He discussed the concept of a vacuum pump
with Hooke, who improved von Guericke's design.
Using Hooke's pump, Boyle and Hooke carried out
experiments to investigate the properties of air and
the vacuum, making their first great discovery:
Boyle's Law.In 1654 Otto von Guericke had invented the vacuum
pump. He discussed the concept of a vacuum pump
with Hooke, who improved von Guericke's design.
Using Hooke's pump, Boyle and Hooke carried out
experiments to investigate the properties of air and
the vacuum, making their first great discovery:
Boyle's Law.
FORMULA
P1V1=P2V2P1V1=P2V2
CHARLE'S
LAW
Charles’s law, a statement that the volume occupied by a fixed amount
of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, if the pressure
remains constant. This empirical relation was first suggested by the
French physicist J.-A.-C. Charles about 1787 and was later placed on a
sound empirical footing by the chemist Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac. It is a
special case of the general gas law and can be derived from the kinetic
theory of gases under the assumption of a perfect (ideal) gas.
Measurements show that at constant pressure the thermal expansion of
real gases, at sufficiently low pressure and high temperature, conforms
closely to Charles’s law. See also perfect gas.
WHO FORMULATED
CHARLE'S LAW?
Jacques Charles Quantitative experiments
establishing the law were first published in
1802 by Gay-Lussac, who credited Jacques
Charles with having discovered the law
earlier. Charles' law relates the volume and
temperature of a gas when measurements are
made at constant pressure.
FORMULA
V1=V2 T1 T2
GAY LUSSAC'S
LAW
Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a given mass of gas
varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas, when
the volume is kept constant. Gay-Lussac's Law is very similar to
Charles's Law, with the only difference being the type of
container. Whereas the container in a Charles's Law experiment
is flexible, it is rigid in a Gay-Lussac's Law experimen
WHO FORMULATED
GAY LUSSAC'S
LAW?
The French chemist Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778 -
1850) discovered the relationship between the
pressure of a gas and its absolute temperature.
FORMULA
P1=P2 T1 T2
AVOGADOR'S
LAW
Avogadro’s law, a statement that under the same conditions of
temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases
contain an equal number of molecules. This empirical relation
can be derived from the kinetic theory of gases under the
assumption of a perfect (ideal) gas. The law is approximately
valid for real gases at sufficiently low pressures and high
temperatures.
WHO FORMULATED
AVOGADOR'S
LAW?
The law was first proposed in 1811 by Amedeo
Avogadro, a professor of higher physics at the
University of Turin for many years, but it was
not generally accepted until after 1858, when
an Italian chemist, Stanislao Cannizzaro,
constructed a logical system of chemistry
based on it.
FORMULA
V1=V2 N1 N2
IDEAL GAS
LAW
An ideal gas is defined as one in which all collisions between
atoms or molecules are perfectly eleastic and in which there are
no intermolecular attractive forces. One can visualize it as a
collection of perfectly hard spheres which collide but which
otherwise do not interact with each other. In such a gas, all the
internal energy is in the form of kinetic energy and any change in
internal energy is accompanied by a change in temperature.
WHO FORMULATED
AVOGADOR'S
LAW?
The ideal gas law is a combined set of gas laws
that is a thermodynamic equation that allows us
to relate the temperature, volume, and number
of molecules (or moles) present in a sample of a
gas. The ideal gas law was discovered by
physicist and engineer Benoît Paul Émile
Clapeyron (seen on the right) in 1834.
FORMULA
PV=NRT
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Transcript
DIFFERENT GAS LAWS
CHEMISTRY 10
DEFINITION
laws that relate the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. These two laws can be combined to form the ideal gas law, asingle generalization of the behaviour of gases known as an equation of state, PV = nRT, where n is the number of grammoles of a gas and R is called the universal gas constant
THERE ARE FIVE TYPES OF LAWS
IMPORTANT VARIABLESIMPORTANT VARIABLES
P=PREASSURE V=VOLUME N=NUMBER OF MOLES T= TEMPERATURE R=0.08206(ATM)(KELVIN) (LITERS)(MOL)P=PREASSURE V=VOLUME N=NUMBER OF MOLES T= TEMPERATURE R=0.08206(ATM)(KELVIN) (LITERS)(MOL)
BOYLE'S LAW
Boyle’s law, also called Mariotte’s law, a relation concerning the compression and expansion of a gas at constant temperature. This empirical relation, formulated by the physicist Robert Boyle in 1662, states that the pressure (p) of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume (v) at constant temperature; i.e., in equation form, pv = k, a constant. The relationship was also discovered by the French physicist Edme Mariotte (1676).
WHO FORMULATED BOYLE'S LAW?WHO FORMULATED BOYLE'S LAW?
In 1654 Otto von Guericke had invented the vacuum pump. ... He discussed the concept of a vacuum pump with Hooke, who improved von Guericke's design. Using Hooke's pump, Boyle and Hooke carried out experiments to investigate the properties of air and the vacuum, making their first great discovery: Boyle's Law.In 1654 Otto von Guericke had invented the vacuum pump. He discussed the concept of a vacuum pump with Hooke, who improved von Guericke's design. Using Hooke's pump, Boyle and Hooke carried out experiments to investigate the properties of air and the vacuum, making their first great discovery: Boyle's Law.
FORMULA
P1V1=P2V2P1V1=P2V2
CHARLE'S LAW
Charles’s law, a statement that the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, if the pressure remains constant. This empirical relation was first suggested by the French physicist J.-A.-C. Charles about 1787 and was later placed on a sound empirical footing by the chemist Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac. It is a special case of the general gas law and can be derived from the kinetic theory of gases under the assumption of a perfect (ideal) gas. Measurements show that at constant pressure the thermal expansion of real gases, at sufficiently low pressure and high temperature, conforms closely to Charles’s law. See also perfect gas.
WHO FORMULATED CHARLE'S LAW?
Jacques Charles Quantitative experiments establishing the law were first published in 1802 by Gay-Lussac, who credited Jacques Charles with having discovered the law earlier. Charles' law relates the volume and temperature of a gas when measurements are made at constant pressure.
FORMULA
V1=V2 T1 T2
GAY LUSSAC'S LAW
Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas, when the volume is kept constant. Gay-Lussac's Law is very similar to Charles's Law, with the only difference being the type of container. Whereas the container in a Charles's Law experiment is flexible, it is rigid in a Gay-Lussac's Law experimen
WHO FORMULATED GAY LUSSAC'S LAW?
The French chemist Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778 - 1850) discovered the relationship between the pressure of a gas and its absolute temperature.
FORMULA
P1=P2 T1 T2
AVOGADOR'S LAW
Avogadro’s law, a statement that under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain an equal number of molecules. This empirical relation can be derived from the kinetic theory of gases under the assumption of a perfect (ideal) gas. The law is approximately valid for real gases at sufficiently low pressures and high temperatures.
WHO FORMULATED AVOGADOR'S LAW?
The law was first proposed in 1811 by Amedeo Avogadro, a professor of higher physics at the University of Turin for many years, but it was not generally accepted until after 1858, when an Italian chemist, Stanislao Cannizzaro, constructed a logical system of chemistry based on it.
FORMULA
V1=V2 N1 N2
IDEAL GAS LAW
An ideal gas is defined as one in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly eleastic and in which there are no intermolecular attractive forces. One can visualize it as a collection of perfectly hard spheres which collide but which otherwise do not interact with each other. In such a gas, all the internal energy is in the form of kinetic energy and any change in internal energy is accompanied by a change in temperature.
WHO FORMULATED AVOGADOR'S LAW?
The ideal gas law is a combined set of gas laws that is a thermodynamic equation that allows us to relate the temperature, volume, and number of molecules (or moles) present in a sample of a gas. The ideal gas law was discovered by physicist and engineer Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron (seen on the right) in 1834.
FORMULA
PV=NRT