Conditionals Bachillerato

CONDITIONALS

1º Bachillerato

fsimon.in@iesmigueldelibes.com

Conditionals are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fullfilled.

Zero conditional

Types of conditionals

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Mixed conditional

Zero conditional

Examples:

We use zero type:

- To describe rules and scientific facts.- For situations that are generally true. Structure: If + Present simple, Present simple

If you heat the metal, it expands.If you heat snow, it melts. If you boil water, it evaporates. The door opens if you turn the switch. I usually eat biscuits if I get hungry before lunch.

First conditional

We use first conditional:

Examples:

- To talk about possible future events.Structure: If + Present simple, Future simple (will)

If he gets any worse, I'll take him to the doctor.If you don't hurry up, we'll be late. If I don't get into the academy this year, I will try again next year.

Second conditional

We use second conditional:

Examples:

- To talk about impossible future events.- To talk about unreal or hypothetical situations. Structure: If + Past simple + would

What would you do if you lost your job?If I didn't apologize, I'd feel guilty. It would be quite an upset if they didn't come to my party. If I were you, I'd take some tissues to the cinema.

Third conditional

We use third conditional

Examples:

If I had known her phone, I would have sent her an invitation.If John had had the money, he would have bought a car. I would have passed the exam if I had studied.

When it is impossible that the condition is fullfilled because it refers to something in the past that could have been different. Structure: If + Past perfect + would have past participle

UNLESS

• Unless means "if ... not" or "except if"
• The verb forms in the examples are similar to sentences with if:
• we use the present simple in the unless-clause and shall, should, will, would, can, could, may or might in the main clause:
• Example: Unless I phone you, you can go home.

• IMPORTANT: We don't use "unless" and "if" together.

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