AP Seminar IMP

AP Seminar IMP 2020-2021

Sports for socially vulnerable youth

Claudio Amaya

“Sport has the power to change the world...It speaks to youth in a language they understand. Sport can create hope where there was only despair”

-Nelson mandela

(as cited in Mlambo-Ngcuka, 2019, p. 1)

context

(Sandford et al., 2008)

Research Question

To what extent do sport activities for at-risk youth living in underprivileged conditions help them avoid violence, drugs, abuse, crime, and other detrimental factors present in their communities?

Important concepts

Economy

Socially vulnerable youth

Education

Government

Family

Religion

(Haudenhuyse et al., 2012; Hermens et al., 2017)(Lubans et al., 2012)

Important concepts

5Cs

Competence

Confidence

Positive youth development (PYD)

Connection

Compassion

Caring

Contribution*

*6th C can be realized after the first five.

(lerner, 2004, as cited in Rauscher & Cooky, 2016)

Thesis

Sport, through PYD programs, can act as a significant stepping stone in the long process of personal development, helping vulnerable youth avoid risk factors in their communities. However, certain conditions must be present for these programs to work as intended.

Perspectives

Social

Emotional

Emotional Perspective

Self-esteem

Self-concept

Self-regulation

Self-efficacy

(Berlin et al., 2007; Hermens et al., 2017; Eime et al., 2013; Le Menestrel & Perkins, 2007)(Harrison & Narayan, 2003, as cited in Jiang & Peterson, 2012)

Emotional Perspective

“Participating in the One Win Leads to Another program gave me maturity to face my problems, knowledge to express my ideas, and courage to fight for my dreams”

- Raphaela Barbosa Lacerda, 2016 graduate

(as cited in Mlambo-Ngcuka, 2019, p. 1)

counterarguments

Negative bodily ideals

Violent behavior

(Burton et al., 2005)

(Rauscher & Cooky, 2016)

Social Perspective

Develop a sense of belonging

Craft a network of social support

Acquire vital social skills

Adopt a series of positive role models

(Berlin et al., 2007; Burton & Marshall, 2005; Carvalho et al., 2015)

Social Perspective

Strong social health

(Burton & Marshall, 2005)

counterarguments

Excessive competition

Negative experiences

(HERMENS ET AL., 2017)

(HAUDENHUYSE ET AL., 2012)

Conclusions

Sports-based PYD focus

Emotional health

Social health

Conclusions

Important conditions:

1. Atmosphere 2. Structure 3. Context

(Le Menestrel and Perkins, 2007; Eime et al., 2013; Jiang & Peterson, 2012; Van der Veken et al., 2020)

(SUPER ET AL., 2018)

Limitations & implications

- Variable outcomes

- Real-life applications

- Lack of funding and accessibility

- Lack of research and practitioners

- Impossible to understand?

“In this process...sport works as a soil improver; it prepares the necessary conditions for the personal growth of socially vulnerable individuals"

(Van der veken et al., 2020, p. 8)

References

Berlin, R. A., Dworkin, A., Eames, N., Menconi, A., & Perkins, D. F. (2007). Examples of sports-based youth development programs. New Directionsfor Youth Development, 2007(115), 85–106. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.225 Burton, J. M., & Marshall, L. A. (2005). Protective factors for youth considered at risk of criminal behaviour: Does participation in extracurricularactivities help? Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health, 15(1), 46–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.36 Carvalho Nobre, G., Ribeiro Bandeira, P. F. da Silva Ramalho, M. H., Sales Nobre, F. S., & Valentini, N. C. (2015). Self-perception of competence inchildren from socially vulnerable contexts, assisted and unassisted by social sports projects. Revista Brasileira de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento Humano, 25(3), 271–276. https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.97673 Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits ofparticipation in sport for children and adolescents: Informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity, 10, 98–118. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-98 Haudenhuyse, R., Theeboom, M., & Coalter, F. (2012). The potential of sports-based social interventions for vulnerable youth: Implications forsport coaches and youth workers. Journal of Youth Studies, 15(4), 437–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2012.663895 Hermens, N., Super, S., Verkooijen, K. T., & Koelen, M. A. (2017). A systematic review of life skill development through sports programs servingsocially vulnerable youth. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 88(4), 408–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2017.1355527 Jiang, X., & Peterson, R. (2012). Beyond participation: The association between school extracurricular activities and involvement in violence acrossgenerations of immigration. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 41(3), 362–378. DOI: 10.1007/s10964-011-9736-5

References

Le Menestrel, S., & Perkins, D. F. (2007). An overview of how sports, out-of-school time, and youth well-being can and do intersect. New Directions forYouth Development, 2007(115), 13–25. DOI: 10.1002/yd.220 Lubans, D. R., Plotnikoff, R. C., & Lubans, N. J. (2012). Review: A systematic review of the impact of physical activity programmes on social andemotional well-being in at-risk youth. Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 17(1), 2–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2011.00623.x Mlambo-Ngcuka, P. (2019). Empowering women through sport. Olympic Review 110, (January-February-March 2019), pp. 40-49. Rauscher, L., & Cooky, C. (2016). Ready for anything the world gives her? : A critical look at sports-based positive youth development for girls. SexRoles, 74(7–8), 288–298. DOI 10.1007/s11199-014-0400-xSandford, R., Duncombe, R., & Armour, K. (2008). The role of physical activity/sport in tackling youth disaffection and anti-social behaviour.Educational Review, 60(4), 419–435. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910802393464Super, S., Hermens, N., Verkooijen, K., & Koelen, M. (2018). Examining the relationship between sports participation and youth developmentaloutcomes for socially vulnerable youth. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5955-yVan der Veken, K., Lauwerier, E., & Willems, S. J. (2020). How community sport programs may improve the health of vulnerable population groups: Aprogram theory. International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01177-5

Images retrieved from

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