Battle of Saragarhi - Punjabi Final Project

Presentation

By: Joban K Sivia - ਜੋਬਨ ਕੌਰ ਸਿਵੀਆ

Battle of Saragarhi ਸਾਰਾਗੜ੍ਹੀ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ

Battle of Saragarhi ਸਾਰਾਗੜ੍ਹੀ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ

Who (ਕੌਣ)

1/੧

• Orakzai and Afridi tribesmen of Pashtun

• Two sub-nationalities of the subcontinent
• 36th Regiment of Bengal Infantry
• 21 Sikhs in the 36th Regiment
• British Army

VS

Havildar Ishar Singh ( 165) - ਹਵਾਲਦਾਰ or ਹੌਲਦਾਰ ਇਸ਼ਰ ਸਿੰਘ, Naik Lal Singh (332) - ਨਾਇਕ ਲਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ, Lance Naik Chanda Singh (546) - ਲੈਂਸ ਨਾਇਕ ਚੰਡਾ ਸਿੰਘ , Sepoy Sundar Singh (1321) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Ram Singh (287) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਰਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Uttar Singh (492) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਉਤਾਰ ਸਿੰਘ , Sepoy Sahib Singh (182) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Hira Singh (359) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਹੀਰਾ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Daya Singh (687) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਦਿਆਂ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Jivan Singh (760) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਜੀਵਨ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Bhola Singh (791) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਭੋਲਾ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Narayan Singh (834) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਨਾਰਾਇਣ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Gurmukh Singh (814) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਗੁਰਮੁਖ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Jivan Singh (871) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਜੀਵਨ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Gurmukh Singh (1733) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਗੁਰਮੁਖ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Ram Singh (163) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਰਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Bhagwan Singh (1257) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਭਗਵਾਨ ਸਿੰਘ , Sepoy Bhagwan Singh (1265) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਭਗਵਾਨ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Buta Singh (1556) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਬੂਟਾ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Jivan Singh (1651) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਜੀਵਨ ਸਿੰਘ, and/ਅਤੇ Sepoy Nand Singh (1221) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਨੰਦ ਸਿੰਘHavildar Ishar Singh ( 165) - ਹਵਾਲਦਾਰ or ਹੌਲਦਾਰ ਇਸ਼ਰ ਸਿੰਘ, Naik Lal Singh (332) - ਨਾਇਕ ਲਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ, Lance Naik Chanda Singh (546) - ਲੈਂਸ ਨਾਇਕ ਚੰਡਾ ਸਿੰਘ , Sepoy Sundar Singh (1321) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Ram Singh (287) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਰਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Uttar Singh (492) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਉਤਾਰ ਸਿੰਘ , Sepoy Sahib Singh (182) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Hira Singh (359) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਹੀਰਾ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Daya Singh (687) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਦਿਆਂ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Jivan Singh (760) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਜੀਵਨ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Bhola Singh (791) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਭੋਲਾ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Narayan Singh (834) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਨਾਰਾਇਣ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Gurmukh Singh (814) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਗੁਰਮੁਖ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Jivan Singh (871) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਜੀਵਨ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Gurmukh Singh (1733) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਗੁਰਮੁਖ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Ram Singh (163) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਰਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Bhagwan Singh (1257) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਭਗਵਾਨ ਸਿੰਘ , Sepoy Bhagwan Singh (1265) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਭਗਵਾਨ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Buta Singh (1556) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਬੂਟਾ ਸਿੰਘ, Sepoy Jivan Singh (1651) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਜੀਵਨ ਸਿੰਘ, and/ਅਤੇ Sepoy Nand Singh (1221) - ਸਿਪਾਹੀ ਨੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ

The 21 Sikh Solider - ੧੨ ਸਿੱਖ ਫੌਜੀ

Battle of Saragarhi ਸਾਰਾਗੜ੍ਹੀ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ

What (ਕੀ ਹੋਇਆਂ)

2/੨

• The tension between the Britian and Russia were high as they went both fought battles to conquer Central Asia which included Afghanistan
• 1885 a compromise was reached, a boundary comission was set
• Emir of Afghanistan, Abdur Rahman Khan, was in agreement with the British and the Afghan influence
• In 1891, Brigadier General Sir William Lockhart decided to lead two expeditions of the Miranzai Field Force
• The misson and goal behind the expeditions was to get the people of the tribes under the rule of The British
• By May, General Sir Frederick Roberts the commander-in-chief of India issued a memorandum
• Memorandum - the roads and posts created on the Miranzai Field Force to the Samana Mountains were going to be used for military occupations

What Happened? ਕੀ ਹੋਇਆਂ?

• Two new posts were built miles away on vital grounds, Forts Lockhart and Gulistan
• A smaller post was built nearby, which was built on the main and high part of the range
• The new post was built in the west side of a village named Saragarhi and was visible from the other two post
• April 20, 1894 the 36th Sikh British Indian Army was put together under commands of Colonel J. Cook
• The 36th Regiment consisted of 912 men in eight companies
• 36th Sikh Regiment of Bengal Infantry was sent to Samana
• The soldiers at the frontiers (the forts) used Morse Code through telegraph to communicate later through flashing light

Continue -

• The soldiers at the frontiers (the forts) used Morse Code through telegraph to communicate later through flashing light
• August 1897, Mullah of Hadda came to a decision to go out and defend his religion
• He, alongside the Afridis convinced their neighbours the Orakzai clan to join thier march and mission
• On September 9, 1897 a patrol was sent out to the highest peak to find out that a force/group of tribesmen was assembled near Khangarbu
• More joined the group next day
• The 36th Regiment was spreading across the fort at Saragarhi - at the fort of Saragarhi contained 21 Sikhs
• By September 12, the enemy has surrounded Saragarhi

CONTINUE

• Havildar Isher Singh rallied his men and told them to take and defend their positions
• The Pathans attacked at 9 a.m. wih 10,000 - 24,000 men, the Sikh Soldiers fought back with courage
• However, 2 tribesmen managed to get to the fort and started to dig
• They attacked the front gate by setting things on fire to cause smokescreen
• Gurmukh Singh, the signaller tried to contact Major Des Vouex at Gulistan to tell him about what is happnening but didn't recieve anything back
• The Sikh Regiment didn't give up and held the enemies till noon, but one had been killed, it went from 21 soldiers to 20
• At 2 p.m., Gurmukh Singh tried to contact Fort Lockhart to tell them they are low of ammunition
• Around 3 p.m., the enemies started to attack one wall of the fort,, and the main gate as the enemies tries to get in they injuried and killed

CONTINUE

• Isher Singh injuried but was believed to retreat, engage in hand to hand combat
• Another Sepoy secured the guardroom, he carried on but was burned
• As the enemies came in the Sikh Soldiers fought and to give them courage Isher Singh yelled "JO BOLEY SO NIHAAL! SAT SRI AKAAL!" Whoever utters the following phrase shall be fulfilled! True is the timeless being!
• By time the enemies were in the Fort, only 5 soldiers were alive
• Four of them were defending and fighting in the inner building, Isher Singh severly injuried tried to buy more time for his men, Gurmukh Singh still trying to contact the Forts Lockhart and Gulistan
• At 3:30 p.m., Gurmukh Singh contacted the forts transmitting "MAIN GATE BREACHED...DOWN TO ONE...REQUEST PERMISSION TO DISMOUNT AND JOIN THE FIGHT"
• Gurmukh was granted permission, as he walked into the smoke he yelled "JO BOLEY SO NIHAAL! SAT SRI AKAAL!" and killed at least 20 enemies before sacrificing his life like the other soldiers

CONTINUE

Battle of Saragarhi ਸਾਰਾਗੜ੍ਹੀ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ

Where (ਕਿੱਥੇ ਹੋਇਆਂ)

3/੩

• West of a Village named Saragarhi

• Took place at a small outpost in the Samana Ranges

Where (ਕਿੱਥੇ ਹੋਇਆਂ)

Battle of Saragarhi ਸਾਰਾਗੜ੍ਹੀ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ

When (ਕਦੋਂ ਹੋਇਆਂ)

4/੪

• September 12, 1897

• Battle lasted for over 6 hours
• During the Tirah Campaign

When Did It Take Place? ਕਦੋਂ ਹੋਇਆਂ?

Battle of Saragarhi ਸਾਰਾਗੜ੍ਹੀ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ

Why (ਕਿਉਂ ਹੋਇਆਂ)

5/੫

• Battle was fought to keep the enemies from destroying the Saragarhi Fort, Lockhart Fort, and Gulistan Fort
• The Sikhs fought to help The British, but later fought to save thier lands from invaders

Why - (ਕਿਉਂ ਹੋਇਆਂ)

Battle of Saragarhi ਸਾਰਾਗੜ੍ਹੀ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ

Result (ਨਤੀਜਾ)

6/੬

• Gurmukh was the last standing soldier, he killed 20 Afghans before he was killed
• No one was left to defend the Saragarhi which meant the fort was completely destroyed
• After Saragarhi, the Pathans/Pashtun headed towards Gulistan but they were too late as backup made it to the Fort on time
• The British had won the battle

Result - (ਨਤੀਜਾ)

Battle of Saragarhi ਸਾਰਾਗੜ੍ਹੀ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ

Importance (ਮਹੱਤਤਾ)/ Legacy (ਵਿਰਾਸਤ)

7/੭

• The 21 Sikhs were honoured with the Indian Order of Merit (IOM) medal
• September 12 is Regimental Battle Honours Day to honour the legacy of the soldier who lost their lives during the battle
• The British built two Gurudwaras in the honour of the men: one in Amritsar very close to the main entrance of the Golden Temple, and another in Ferozepur Cantonment
• The Battle of Saragarhi is taught in school in India
• It is important that everyone learns about this battle as it tells you the sacrifices the Sikh Soldiers made for their lands and loyalty
• Teaches us the value of everything we have now

Importance (ਮਹੱਤਤਾ)

Battle of Saragarhi ਸਾਰਾਗੜ੍ਹੀ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ

My Thoughts (ਮੇਰੇ ਵਿਚਾਰ)

8/੮

• This battle showcases the bravery, loyalty, and courage of Sikhs when it comes to protecting their own
• Even though there were only 21 Sikh Soldiers they didn't give up and fought till their last breathe
• It shows reminds us the sacrifices the Sikhs made and not to take anything for granted
• One of the greatest last standing battle in the story of battles

My Thoughts (ਮੇਰੇ ਵਿਚਾਰ)

Bibliography

http://www.empirefaithwar.com/tell-their-story/citizen-historians-in-action/soldier-stories-blog/gurmukh-singh https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/when-21-sikh-soldiers-stood-against-10000-men-the-battle-of-saragarhi/ http://www.australiansikhheritage.com/saragarhi https://www.ritiriwaz.com/battle-of-saragarhi-21-sikhs-against-10000-afghans/ https://www.thestatesman.com/india/battle-saragarhi-heroic-last-stand-1502747618.html https://medium.com/history-in-bytes/when-21-soldiers-faced-10000-enemies-battle-of-saragarhi-e613177dc991 https://www.forces.net/heritage/absolute-legends-major-charles-des-voeux-forgotten-hero-forgotten-frontier https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/when-21-sikh-soldiers-stood-against-10000-men-the-battle-of-saragarhi/ http://www.australiansikhheritage.com/saragarhi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Saragarhi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Saragarhi#/media/File:Battle_of_Saragarhi.png https://www.facebook.com/376235199136854/photos/pcb.1169123413181358/1169123316514701/?type=3&theater https://www.sikhchic.com/poetry/the_21_singhs_of_saragarhi https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/10/20/the-battle-of-saragarhi-when-21-sikh-soldiers-faced-10000-pashtuns-in-the-greatest-last-stand-ever/ https://www.indiatimes.com/news/battle-of-saragarhi-where-21-sikh-soldiers-killed-600-afghans-in-the-greatest-last-stand-ever-259310.html https://www.sbs.com.au/language/english/they-died-fighting-like-demons-the-australian-who-witnessed-the-battle-of-saragarhi https://www.indiatimes.com/news/battle-of-saragarhi-where-21-sikh-soldiers-killed-600-afghans-in-the-greatest-last-stand-ever-259310.html https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Saragarhi https://www.pinterest.ca/pin/299278337709942830/?d=t&mt=login https://www.quora.com/What-happened-in-the-Battle-of-Saragarhi https://www.babushahi.com/full-news.php?id=63381

THANKS! ਧੰਨਵਾਦ!