CRISPR-CAS9
the revolution that will change the world
INDEX
1. what there was before
8. how the system work
2. gene editing
9. fields of application
3. dna vs rna
10. gene therapy
4. crispr
11. bioethical debate
5. crispr as invader defense
12. home made bacteria
13. crispr and covid 19
6. crispr-cas 9
14. the nobel award
7. the discovery
What was there before?
after Watson and Crick developed their model of the double helix structure of dna the process of genetics became molecular science
dna sequencing
New technologies are developed
amplification of dna
The scientific breakthrough of the century is certainly crispr-cas9
restriction enzymes
Dna
like a receipe book it holds the instruction for making all the proteins in our body
deoxyribonucleic acid is a long molecule that contains our unique genetic code.
Rna
rna is a complex compound of molecular protein that functions in cellular protein synthesis and replace
1. abbreviation of deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
3. longer
4. uses deoxyribose
2. double stranded molecule
5. bases: adenine, cytosine guanine and thymine
3. shorter
2. single-stranded molecule
1. abbreviation of ribonucleic acid
RNA
4. uses ribose
5. the fourth base is uracil
Gene
There are four major platforms for producing site-specific DSBs:
the triggering event: the breaking of the double strand of the genomic DNA
Meganuclease
Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFNs)
TALEN
Crispr-cas9 system
Talen
CRISPR
a report from Harvard compared the new gene-editing technique and its older sister side by side.
Crispr
consists of:
SPACERS
REPEATS
A region defined LEADER
CRISPR associated proteins (CAS)
The crispr-cas system for dna invader defense
ADAPTION PHASE
crRNA BIOGENESIS
INVADER SILENCING
Crispr-cas9
the specificity of crispr/cas9 is driven by an rNA molecule which couples to cas9 and drives it to the target sequence
CRISPR is the name attributed to DNA segments containing short repeated sequences
The discovery
2013:FENG ZHANG APPLY THE TECHNIQUE TO EUKARYOTIC
1993:DISCOVERY BY A STUDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE
2007: CRISPR IS AN ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
2003:COMPARISON BETWEEN A "SPACER" AND A STRAIN OF E. CHOLI
2012:CRISPR COULD MODIFY THE GENOME
How does this system work?
https://youtu.be/UKbrwPL3wXE
agriculture
Fields of application
immunotherapy
vegetable field
course of deseases
CRISPR beer
Further details about CRISPR 5,2%:
- deeper, breadier flavor
- crisp and light-bodied
- some spicy and floral notes
- honey notes from the malt
- CRISPR-modified Lager yeast, designed to prevent the production of diacetyl
Write a subtitle
Towards a genetic solution to extinguish chronic pain
CRISPR could temporarily repress a key gene for the perception of painful stimuli without creating addiction.
Ana Moreno, Prashant Mali and their colleagues at the University of San Diego had the idea of using a variant of CRISPR in which the scissors are disabled (dCas9) and in which a unit that functions as a repressor has been added.
Gene therapy
There are diseases such as muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, thalassemia, Huntington's chorea for which it is unthinkable to use viral vectors.
In all these cases crispr/cas9 represents a resource allowing the muated gene to be repaired
"off target" effect
These unwanted cuts are called "off-target" effects and can be more or less frequent depending on which gene you want to edit
Crispr/cas9 sometimes causes unexpected mutations in some apparently health specimens
The bioethical debate
Thirty-nine countries were classified according to the current ban on germline gene modification.
The result is a ban based on legislation (25 states), a ban based on “guidelines” (4), ambiguous legislation (9,) and restrictive legislation (1).
Heritable editing:
People are more positive about gene-editing technologies to treat illnesses a baby would have at birth.
People are also generally in favor of using human gene editing to reduce the risk of future health problems from occurring.
In 2018, the use of CRISPR technology by Chinese scientists aimed at making babies genetically resistant to HIV
Uninformed pontification on IQ editing
“gene editing to raise IQ will have a huge market”
In the controversial book “The Bell Curve” purported connections between race and intelligence are discussed
Home made bacteria with kits buy online
"If you want, you could engineer viruses to make them dangerous, or bacteria to make them resistant to drugs. And even manipulating an embryo to give it blue eyes or make it immune to AIDS ".
Crispr/cas and covid 19
it is possible to directly detect the genetic material of viruses the way bacteria do using a CRISPR system.
In early January 2020, Feng Zhang, a gene-editing researcher at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and Jennifer Doudna, a biochemist at the University of California, started a battle to find new ways to defeat the coronavirus.
Sherlock Biosciences
Mammoth Biosciences
vs
The kit is intended for the qualitative detection of nucleic acid from SARS-CoV-2 in upper respiratory tract and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from individuals suspected of COVID-19
is developing a turnkey workstation to run a CRISPR-based SARS-CoV-2 molecular assay based on automated liquid handling equipment.
Therapeutic options for COVID-19
Cas9 can be used to develop a PAC-MAN (Prophylactic Antiviral CRISPR in
huMAN cells)
lipid anoparticles could contain various molecules of Cas13, each with a different guide RNA to hit more points simultaneously, and be introduced with aerosols into the respiratory tract and therefore into epithelial cells, perhaps not yet infected.
the bacterial protein Cas13 was chosen, which cuts RNA instead of DNA (coronaviruses have an RNA genome).
The nobel award
this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna for their fundamental contribution to the discovery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system
Thanks!
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Transcript
CRISPR-CAS9
the revolution that will change the world
INDEX
1. what there was before
8. how the system work
2. gene editing
9. fields of application
3. dna vs rna
10. gene therapy
4. crispr
11. bioethical debate
5. crispr as invader defense
12. home made bacteria
13. crispr and covid 19
6. crispr-cas 9
14. the nobel award
7. the discovery
What was there before?
after Watson and Crick developed their model of the double helix structure of dna the process of genetics became molecular science
dna sequencing
New technologies are developed
amplification of dna
The scientific breakthrough of the century is certainly crispr-cas9
restriction enzymes
Dna
like a receipe book it holds the instruction for making all the proteins in our body
deoxyribonucleic acid is a long molecule that contains our unique genetic code.
Rna
rna is a complex compound of molecular protein that functions in cellular protein synthesis and replace
1. abbreviation of deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
3. longer
4. uses deoxyribose
2. double stranded molecule
5. bases: adenine, cytosine guanine and thymine
3. shorter
2. single-stranded molecule
1. abbreviation of ribonucleic acid
RNA
4. uses ribose
5. the fourth base is uracil
Gene
There are four major platforms for producing site-specific DSBs:
the triggering event: the breaking of the double strand of the genomic DNA
Meganuclease
Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFNs)
TALEN
Crispr-cas9 system
Talen
CRISPR
a report from Harvard compared the new gene-editing technique and its older sister side by side.
Crispr
consists of:
SPACERS
REPEATS
A region defined LEADER
CRISPR associated proteins (CAS)
The crispr-cas system for dna invader defense
ADAPTION PHASE
crRNA BIOGENESIS
INVADER SILENCING
Crispr-cas9
the specificity of crispr/cas9 is driven by an rNA molecule which couples to cas9 and drives it to the target sequence
CRISPR is the name attributed to DNA segments containing short repeated sequences
The discovery
2013:FENG ZHANG APPLY THE TECHNIQUE TO EUKARYOTIC
1993:DISCOVERY BY A STUDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE
2007: CRISPR IS AN ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
2003:COMPARISON BETWEEN A "SPACER" AND A STRAIN OF E. CHOLI
2012:CRISPR COULD MODIFY THE GENOME
How does this system work?
https://youtu.be/UKbrwPL3wXE
agriculture
Fields of application
immunotherapy
vegetable field
course of deseases
CRISPR beer
Further details about CRISPR 5,2%:
Write a subtitle
Towards a genetic solution to extinguish chronic pain
CRISPR could temporarily repress a key gene for the perception of painful stimuli without creating addiction.
Ana Moreno, Prashant Mali and their colleagues at the University of San Diego had the idea of using a variant of CRISPR in which the scissors are disabled (dCas9) and in which a unit that functions as a repressor has been added.
Gene therapy
There are diseases such as muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, thalassemia, Huntington's chorea for which it is unthinkable to use viral vectors.
In all these cases crispr/cas9 represents a resource allowing the muated gene to be repaired
"off target" effect
These unwanted cuts are called "off-target" effects and can be more or less frequent depending on which gene you want to edit
Crispr/cas9 sometimes causes unexpected mutations in some apparently health specimens
The bioethical debate
Thirty-nine countries were classified according to the current ban on germline gene modification.
The result is a ban based on legislation (25 states), a ban based on “guidelines” (4), ambiguous legislation (9,) and restrictive legislation (1).
Heritable editing:
People are more positive about gene-editing technologies to treat illnesses a baby would have at birth.
People are also generally in favor of using human gene editing to reduce the risk of future health problems from occurring.
In 2018, the use of CRISPR technology by Chinese scientists aimed at making babies genetically resistant to HIV
Uninformed pontification on IQ editing
“gene editing to raise IQ will have a huge market”
In the controversial book “The Bell Curve” purported connections between race and intelligence are discussed
Home made bacteria with kits buy online
"If you want, you could engineer viruses to make them dangerous, or bacteria to make them resistant to drugs. And even manipulating an embryo to give it blue eyes or make it immune to AIDS ".
Crispr/cas and covid 19
it is possible to directly detect the genetic material of viruses the way bacteria do using a CRISPR system.
In early January 2020, Feng Zhang, a gene-editing researcher at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and Jennifer Doudna, a biochemist at the University of California, started a battle to find new ways to defeat the coronavirus.
Sherlock Biosciences
Mammoth Biosciences
vs
The kit is intended for the qualitative detection of nucleic acid from SARS-CoV-2 in upper respiratory tract and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from individuals suspected of COVID-19
is developing a turnkey workstation to run a CRISPR-based SARS-CoV-2 molecular assay based on automated liquid handling equipment.
Therapeutic options for COVID-19
Cas9 can be used to develop a PAC-MAN (Prophylactic Antiviral CRISPR in huMAN cells)
lipid anoparticles could contain various molecules of Cas13, each with a different guide RNA to hit more points simultaneously, and be introduced with aerosols into the respiratory tract and therefore into epithelial cells, perhaps not yet infected.
the bacterial protein Cas13 was chosen, which cuts RNA instead of DNA (coronaviruses have an RNA genome).
The nobel award
this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna for their fundamental contribution to the discovery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system
Thanks!