Philippine Theatre

T H E A T E R

w h a t i s t h e a t e r ?

It is an art form that refers to an art that involves performing carefully planned actions and emotions in front of an audience.

E L E M E N T S O F T H E A T E R

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PERFORMERS

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AUDIENCE

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DIRECTOR

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DESIGN

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PERFORMANCE SPACE

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TEXT

PERFORMERS

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- These are persons who are onstage and portray their characters in a convincing way for the audience.

Example:

ANNE HATHAWAY // Les Misérables (2012)

Maria Lea Carmen Imutan Salonga // Les Misérables (1998)

AUDIENCE

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- The performers have to present in front of an audience and connect with them. They tend to respond to the energy the audience shows while watching the play.

DIRECTOR

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- The director serves as an overseer to the entire production. He or she ensures that the performers are doing their job as well, including understanding and delivering the text. The director also ensures that the production design works as well.

Joy Virata

Menchu lauchengco-yulo

DESIGN

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-primarily concerned with enhancing the experience the audience can have at a performance. The specific architectural elements considered ideal for improving that experience will differ from culture to culture and sometimes even between subcultures within a given culture, but they can still be divided into two general categories: those that serve the aesthetics deemed appropriate for the art of theatre in a given culture, and those that optimize the experience of that art for the audience.

- The design is essential in placing the overall feel of the production. There are two aspects of design...

VISUAL

NON-VISUAL

-Visual aspects include lighting, set and costumes

- Nonvisual primarily include sound effects

- Wind Machine Also known as an AEOLIPHONE

PEFORMANCESPACE

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- This element may refer to the space in which the actors can perform. It may also refer to the space for the audience to sit or stand.

TEXT

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- This refer to the script. This must be presented in a particular play or production. The one who writes a play is called a playwright

what is philippines theatre ?

Philippine theatre is described as a wide range of mimetic performances that were created and presented with specific social objectives in mind.

F O R M S A N D T Y P E S O f

P H I L I P P I N E T H E A T E R

- According to Dr. Prospero R. Covar, a Filipino anthropologist, there are four dramatic traditions based on where contemporary theater takes place:

Dulang pahiyang (rituals)

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Dulambayan (people’s theater)

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Teatrong pansimbahan (church-realted theater)

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Theater as an Art

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DULANG PAHIYANG

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-In this category, theater is not viewed as a separate activity, but as part of life. Ritual falls under this type. Other forms include duplo, balagtasan, bayok and balitaw.

R I T U A L

- A ritual is described as a way to communicate wih gods or spirits. This involves usually a babylan or an albularyo, calling the spirit and being possessed by that spirit. While in that particular state, the shaman performs a sacrifice or pours water over the offerings.

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D U P L O

- The duplo is described as a poetic debate, in which the balagtasan was derived from. The balagtasan involves poems with four lines with 12 syllables per line.

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- is a poetic debate presented through song and dance, which originated from indigenous courtship customs. Poets used proverbs and riddles to present their suit to the woman of their choice.

B A Y O K

- The bayok is a Maranao joust. The theme of the joust depends on the occasion on when the joust is to be performed. Two or more singers interpret the theme in a spontaneous song-dance-debate.The singers, however, have to be careful in articulating verses in order to avoid heated conflict.

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B A L I T A W

- The balitaw is a poetic debate between a man and a woman. Although the term “balitaw” may also refer to the song and its lyrics, or dance. It may also refer to the entire performance itself since it exhibits an exchange of words in a hypothetical situation. It later evolved into drama-balitaw.

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DULAMBAYAN

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- Also known as people’s theater, this is considered “theater in context of social movements.” Common among unions of peasants, groups of workers, and liberationist movements, these theatrical forms include drama simboliko, historical plays, plays, plays with social realism, teatrong bayan ng manggagawa, people’s theater, nationalist/ protest/ proganda theater; and street theater.

D R A M A S I M B O L I K O

- This refers to allegorical nationalist drama which began during the American regime. However, this was revived during the Marcos regime.

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- The term drama simboliko refers to allegorical drama, especially that which was called “seditious” by the American Insular Government in the first decade. ... The period between 1902 and 1906 was the era of “seditious” drama. It was a form of guerrilla warfare directly contrary to Act No.

D u l a n g P a n g k a l y e

- This refers to the theater that is presented outside the theater building and without a stage area. The political theater is a form of street theater. However, street theater can also be applied in rituals and religious plays

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TEATRONG PANSIMBAHAN

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- This type of theater is concerned with spirituality. This is usually performed depending on the events in the church calendar (Catholic, Protestant). There are some forms that are traditional or folk, such as in the case of the senakulo and that komedya.

K O M E D Y A

- The komedya is a play in verse that portrays the lives of saints. However, the komedya may also depict actual events, or tales about royalty in the kingdoms of Afica, Europe, Arabia and Persia.

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D A P I T

- It refers to the tradition of fetching the image of the community’s patron saint. This is actually done the night before the fiesta or even the day itself. A typical dapit involves escorting the image from the house of the care taker to the church, accompanied with music played by the brass band and dance.

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F L O R E S

- Flores, which is presented in the month of May, has three variations. It may refer to the festival of flowers in honor of Mary, mother of Jesus (flores de Mayo), the everyday offering of flowers to the image of the Virgin (alay), or the closing procession on the last Sunday of May (flores de Maria). Another variant of the flores is the sunduan, which involves males fetching young ladies and going together with the procession. People participating in the sunduan carry beautiful arrangements of flowers.

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H U D A S

- This refers to the burning of the image of Judas Iscariot, which is popular in Bulacan, Pampanga and Cebu. This is usually held on the evening of Black Saturday or on the morning of Easter Sunday.

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H U L I N G H A P U N A N

- This is an actual super enacted to commemorate the last supper of Jesus with his disciples on the night before His crucifixion.

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M A R I O N E S

- This is a short street play portraying the capture and beheading of Roman soldier Longinus, who was involved in the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.

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P A G H U H U G A S N G P A A

- This short ritual reenacts Christ washing the feet of his disciples before the Last Supper. This ritual demonstrates humility and serving others.

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P A N U N U L U Y A N

- This is a procession that reenacts Mary and Joseph’s search for an inn in Bethlehem. This involves using two karo or floats, which bear the image of Mary and Joseph, and singing of one male and one female singer accompanied by a brass band.

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Pastores or Shepherd’s Dance

- This is a reenactment of shepherds honoring the infant Jesus. This is typically presented before Christmas Day. In some areas, pastores involves a group of singers dressed as shepherds who go to every house in the area singing and dancing to Christmas songs.

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O S A N A

- The osana is a short reenactment of the triumphal entry of Jesus Christ to Jerusalem.

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P A N G A N G A L U L U W A

- This refers to a tradition involving carolers who go to each house in the community to act like souls in purgatory and beg for alms.

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S i e t e P a l a b r a s

- This is a reenactment of the last three hours of Jesus Christ on the cross. It was during this time when the Seven Last Words were stated.

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S i n a k u l o

- A sinakulo is a play performed during the Holy Week. It depicts the story of salvation, starting from the creation of the world up to the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The traditional sinakulo focused on the final triumph of good over evil. However, the sinakulo evolved and is now depicting the struggle between sectors and classes.

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S A L U B O N G

- This short reenactment focuses on the meeting of Mary, mother of Jesus and Jesus Christ who rose from the dead.

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S O L E D A D

- This procession, which is usually performed late in the evening, portrays Mary’s grief after burying Jesus Christ.

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T A T L O N G H A R I

- This is a reenactment of the travel of the Magi to worship the Infant Jesus in Bethlehem.

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V I A C R U C I S

- This tradition is a way of remembering the events leading to Christ’s death and burial.

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THEATER AS AN ART

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- Theater under this category is based on Western models. Theater is viewed as a profession. Production values, including set design, props, and lighting, are being considered seriously.

- Plays are being performed in formal private buildings and school auditoriums. The culture of ticketing also plays a role in making sure that the profession will thrive. Related to school-based theater is the children’s theater, which may refer to plays with children as actors.

P U P P E T T H E A T E R

- is another example. This is also frequently performed in schools. This a form of drama in which puppets portray the roles of the characters in the story.

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O P E R A

- which refers to a form of musical theater that was introduced in the Philippines during the late 19th century.

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DID YOU KNOW?

Theater can also be classified based on influences seen in the form. These are indigenous, plays with Spanish influence and theater with Anglo-American influence

I N D I G E N O U S T H E A T E R

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- These are usually rituals, mimetic customs and dances. This type of theater has mostly Malay qualities and is performed in communities that comprise of about 5% of the population. - Balitaw, duplo, and Maranao bayok also fall under this type.

PLAY WITH SPANISH INFLUENCE

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THEATER WITH ANGLO-AMERICAN INFLUENCE

- This comprises of bodabil, and modern Filipino plays written in English and in Filipino.

- These plays include drama, komedya, Sinakulo, and sarswela. Sarswela is considered to be the most popular form of musical theater in the hilippines. Themes depicted usually revolve in Filipino domestic and social situations.

THEATER WITH ANGLO-AMERICAN INFLUENCE

MODERN OR ORIGINAL PLAYS BY FILIPINOS

- During the 1980’s, writers continue to create theater texts using the Filipino language. The themes of these plays still revolve around social, economic, political and cultural issues in the country.

BODABIL

- The bodabil is a stage presentation that consists of a range of musical and comedy acts, skits and monologues, novelty and acrobatic numbers, solos and chorus lines. During the 1980’s, this was used mainly as a form of political theater. Nowadays, the bodabil is performed during town fiestas, in film musicals, and in radio.

CANUPLIN (1980 )

KATY'S GOT MOXY (2013 )

THEATER WITH ANGLO-AMERICAN INFLUENCE

BRECHTIAN THEATER

- Also known as theater of instruction. Inspired by Berolt Brecht, this play features a social orientation and utilizes mime, dances, songs, stylizes sets and costumes, and typical characters. - Themes are usually taken from history, folklore, and other sources. Related to the Brechtian theater is the Absurd Theater, in which situations are deliberately exaggerated to prove an idea and whose characters are seen as types instead of as individuals.

DOCUMENTARY STYLE

- This is performed to connect historical persons and events to the present.

Documentary theatre is theatre that uses pre-existing documentary material as source material for stories about real events and people, frequently without altering the text in performance.

The Threepenny Opera ( 1928)

THEATER WITH ANGLO-AMERICAN INFLUENCE

DULA-TULA

- The dula-tula is a variant of dramatic monologue, which involves one actor speaking while singing out his emotions and thoughts.

- SLU Dramafest 2015 Medicine Tula Dula

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