Valdivian Temperate rainforest

Valdivian temperate Rainforest

By hannah wood

Where is it located?

Los Muermos, Los Lagos, Chile in South America

BIOME

The Valdivian Temperate Rainforest is a temperate rainforest.

Climate Conditions

In the winter, the lowest temperature it can reach is around 32 degrees fahrenheit.

In the summer, the highest temperature it can reach is around 80 degrees fahrenheit.

The rainfall during the year can range between 500 - 4000 mm (~20 in - ~157 in)

Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis)

Plants

Tepa (Laureliopsis philippiana)

Ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia)

Tineo (Weinmannia trichosperma)

Olivillo (Aextoxicon punctatum)

Plants

Endemic conifer alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides)

Peumo (Cryptocarya alba)

Tiaca (Caldcluvia paniculate)

Monkey Puzzle Tree (Araucaria araucana)

Chilean hazel (Gevuina avellana)

Plant Adaptations

• Peumo (Cryptocarya alba) has large, dull leaves to cover the flowers and fruit that grow in it in
• Chilean hazel (Gevuina avellana) has both male and female parts and prefers acidic to neutral soils
• Tineo (Weinmannia trichosperma) can adapt and survive in multiple different altitudes, but once its in one, it cannot go to another
• Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) adapt quickly and effectively to cropping conditions
• Ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia) attracts lots of wildlife as well as survives really cold weather

What structure services do THESE PLANTS provide and what organisms use them?

• These plants provide shade from the sun and shelter from rain for wildlife

• Not only are they shelter for wildlife but also sources of food and nutrition

• The flowers and berries are eaten by the wildlife

• Birds eat the seeds and fruit to help pollinate. Insects are also responsible for pollination

Trophic pyramid

• Kodkod (Oncifelis guigna)

• Southern river otter (Lontra provocax)

• Culpeo (Dusicyon culpaeus)

• Rufous – legged owl (Strix rufipes)

• South America grey fox (Dusicyon griseus)

• Pudú (Pudu pudu)

• Flying mouse (Bombus dahlbomii)

• Monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides)

• South Andean Deer (Hippocamelus bisculus)

• Green-backed firecrown (Sephanoides galeritus)

• Long-nosed caenolestid (Rhyncholestes raphanurus)

• Ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia)

• Tiaca (Caldcluvia paniculate)

• Tineo (Weinmannia trichosperma)

• Peumo (Cryptocarya alba)

• Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis)

• Chilean hazel (Gevuina avellana)

• Tepa (Laureliopsis philippiana)

• Monkey Puzzle Tree (Araucaria araucana)

• Olivillo (Aextoxicon punctatum)

• Endemic conifer alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides)

Food web

• Kodkod

• Southern river otter

• Rufous – legged owl

• South America grey fox

• Culpeo

• Monito del monte

• South Andean Deer

• Pudú

• Flying mouse

• Green-backed firecrown

• Tiaca

• Ulmo

• Olivillo

• Peumo

• Chilean hazel

• Maqui

• Monkey Puzzle Tree

• Tineo

• Tepa

• Endemic conifer alerce

organisms roles in major biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen, and water)

All the plants absorb components from the air, then provide necessary carbon and nitrogen back into the atmosphere. By eating the plants, animals get nutrition from the things the plants absorb, which is then passed on to other animals.

With the carbon the plants absorb, they release necessary oxygen through photosynthesis, as well.

Water does the same thing. It goes through the plants and all the animals.

Activity: Word scramble

• PMEOU
• OCEPLU
• KDOODK
• OOVLILLI
• IETSFORANR
• AMIQU
• IAATC
• ILSOSRIAPEUL PLPIINAHAPI
• ARAPRTOYCYC ALBA
• NIVADVLIA
• TARMEPTEE

Word scramble answers

• Peumo
• Culpeo
• Kodkod
• Olivillo
• Rainforest
• Maqui
• Tiaca
• Laureliopsis philippiana
• Cryptocarya alba
• Valdivian
• Temperate

works cited

• Aizen, Marcelo & Ezcurra, Cecilia. (1998). High incidence of plant-animal mutualisms in the woody flora of the temperate forest of southern South America: Biogeographical origin and present ecological significance. Ecologia Austral. 8.
• Armesto, J.J. & Rozzi, Ricardo & Miranda, P. & Sabag, C.. (1987). Plant/frugivore interactions in South American temperate forests. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural. 60. 321-336.
• Ateeq Ahmad, mammalsrus. “Mammalsrus.com.” Mammals, mammalsrus.com/metatheria/paucituberculata/paucituberculata.html.
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• “Caldcluvia Paniculata.” Fundación R.A. Philippi, 27 Oct. 2014, fundacionphilippi.cl/catalogo/caldcluvia-paniculata/.
• Chileflora.com. Description and Images of Weinmannia Trichosperma (Tineo , Palo Santo), a Native Chilean Plant, Provided by the Supplier of Native Exotic Chilean Seeds, Chileflora.com, www.chileflora.com/Florachilena/FloraEnglish/HighResPages/EH0097.htm.
• “Climate.” Temperate Rainforest, temperaterainforestelynam.weebly.com/climate.html.
• Crampton, Linda. “The Monkey Puzzle Tree: An Unusual and Endangered Plant.” Owlcation, Owlcation, 27 Aug. 2014, owlcation.com/stem/The-Monkey-Puzzle-Tree-An-Ancient-and-Endangered-Plant.
• “Cryptocarya Alba (Molina) Looser.” Cryptocarya Alba - Trees and Shrubs Online, treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/cryptocarya/cryptocarya-alba/.
• Deane. “Monkey Puzzle Tree.” Eat The Weeds and Other Things, Too, 9 Sept. 2017, www.eattheweeds.com/with-the-monkey-puzzle-treelunch-drops-in-2/.
• “Environment.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/science/temperate-forest/Environment.
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• “Eucryphia Cordifolia: Plants, Mail Order Plants, Buy Plants.” Pinterest, www.pinterest.nz/pin/489555421986843928/.
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• Fitzroya Cupressoides (Alerce) Description, www.conifers.org/cu/Fitzroya.php.
• “Guía Práctica Para Identificar Los Árboles De Llanquihue.” Ladera Sur, laderasur.com/articulo/guia-practica-para-identificar-los-arboles-de-llanquihue/.

works cited

• I.M.Johnst., (Molina). “Fitzroya Cupressoides: Threatened Conifers of the World (En-GB).” Fitzroya Cupressoides | Threatened Conifers of the World (En-GB), threatenedconifers.rbge.org.uk/conifers/fitzroya-cupressoides.
• Jaksić, Fabian M., et al. “Feeding Ecology of Central Chilean Foxes, Dusicyon Culpaeus and Dusicyon Griseus.” Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 61, no. 2, 1980, pp. 254–260. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1380046. Accessed 11 Apr. 2021.
• JOHNSTON, James HUNTER, et al. “Home.” Alan Watson Featherstone, 11 June 2018, alanwatsonfeatherstone.com/the-araucaria-forests-of-chile-part-1/.
• Laura. “What Is Ulmo Honey? Is It Better than Manuka Honey?” Discover the Benefits of Honey, 18 Jan. 2019, healthywithhoney.com/what-is-ulmo-honey-is-it-better-than-manuka-honey/.
• “Laureliopsis Philippiana.” Fundación R.A. Philippi, 1 Dec. 2017, fundacionphilippi.cl/catalogo/laureliopsis-philippiana/.
• “Maqui Fruit: the Antioxidant Berry Revered by Warriors.” The Nue Co., www.thenueco.com/blogs/journal/maqui-fruit-the-antioxidant-berry-revered-by-warriors.
• McGuffin, David. “Limiting Factors of Temperate Forests.” Sciencing, 21 Mar. 2019, sciencing.com/limiting-factors-of-temperate-forests-13406003.html.
• Misle, E. & Garrido, Estrella & Contardo, H. & González, W.. (2011). Maqui [Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz]-the Amazing Chilean Tree: A Review. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B1. 1. 473.
• OpenSolution.org. Birding Patagonia - Green-Backed Firecrown -, birdingpatagonia.com/aves_en/index.php?p=productsMore&iProduct=43&sName=green-backed-firecrown.
• “Peumo.” Volver a Inicio Chilebosque, www.chilebosque.cl/flora/cryptocarya_alba.html.
• Pfaf Plant Search, pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Eucryphia+cordifolia.
• Pfaf Plant Search, pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Gevuina+avellana.
• “Plant Database Entry for Tineo (Weinmannia Trichosperma) with One Image, One Comment, and 11 Data Details.” Tineo (Weinmannia Trichosperma) - Garden.org, garden.org/plants/view/133399/Tineo-Weinmannia-trichosperma/.
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• “Water Treatment Solutions.” Lenntech Water Treatment & Purification, www.lenntech.com/nitrogen-cycle.htm.
• “Weinmannia Trichosperma.” Fundación R.A. Philippi, 9 May 2018, fundacionphilippi.cl/catalogo/weinmannia-trichosperma/.