MÉTODOS ANTICONCEPTIVOS

border control for sperm, viruses and bacteria

Claudia Villalba y Carlos Ramos3º E 9 de abril de 2021

Index

5. Non-hormonal methods a. Turbal ligation 19b. Vasectomy 206. Alternative natural methodsa. Menstrual calendar 21b. Interruped intercourse 22c. Cervical mucus 23d. Breastfeeding 247. Fun facts 258. Conclusion 26 9. Webgraphy 27

1. Definition 32. Classification of methods 4 3. Barrier methods a. Condom 6b. Spermicide 7c. The female condom 8d. The vaginal sponge 9e. The diaphragm 104. Hormonal methods a. Pills 11b. Prostagen minipill 12c. Vaginal rings 13d. DIU and SIU 14e. Contraceptive injection 15f. Contraceptive implant 16g. Transdermal patch 17h. The morning after pill (PDS) 18

Definition

Contraceptive methods are used to prevent pregnancy as a consequence of having sex. So-called barrier methods, such as the male and female condoms, prevent pregnancy and protect against AIDS, as well as other sexually transmitted diseases, such as syphilis and gonorrhea. Hormone methods prevent ovulation so that when you have sex, you don't get pregnant.

Classification of methods

1. Barrier methods
2. Hormonal methods.
3. Non-hormonal methods.
4. Alternative natural methods.

Barrier methods

• Condom: It does not present any type of contraindication. The only contraceptive method that prevents sexually transmitted diseases.

• Spermicide: Chemical barrier that prevents sperm from reaching the uterus, by itself it is not very effective so it must be accompanied by another contraceptive method.

• The female condom: It is made with nitrile rubber. Protects against unwanted pregnancies and the most common sexually transmitted diseases. The effectiveness rate is lower than in the case of its male version.

• The vaginal sponge: It is a polyurethane foam device with spermicide. It should only be removed after 6 hours from the last sexual intercourse. It does not prevent sexually transmitted diseases.

• The diaphragm: It is like a flexible silicone dome that is placed in front of the cervix, it is not recommended for sexually transmitted diseases as it does not cover the vaginal mucus.

Hormonal methods

• Pills: They are taken daily and are absorbed in the digestive system, their effectiveness depends on the regular intake (with the recommended guidelines). It should only be used under medical prescription. It can help with various problems but it can also have side effects.

• Prostagen minipill: It appeared due to the side effects caused by the pill, due to the estrogens it contained. It has to be taken every day at the same time.

• Vaginal ring: Small flexible ring that is placed deep in the vagina. It is a ring composed of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene that releases estrogen and progesterone. It can be inserted by the woman herself. Lasts up to three weeks.

• DIU and SIU (System / Intrauterine Device): It is placed in the uterus, being highly effective as a contraceptive. It is a small plastic device that is inserted into the uterus. It is a safe and effective long-lasting method. This must be placed by the gynecologist in the consultation.

SIU

DIU

• Contraceptive injection: Intramuscular injection for monthly application. It has benefits and side effects similar to the pill. It is injected in the gynecological office.

• Contraceptive implant: It is highly effective. A subcutaneous implantation of a small plastic swab that releases hormones. It lasts for three years.

• Transdermal patch: It is a simple adhesive that is placed on the skin and must be replaced every seven days.

• The morning after pill (PDS): Due to its high dose of hormones, it should only be administered in extreme cases and within 72 hours of having sexual intercourse.

Non-hormonal methods

• Tubal ligation: Surgical and irreversible. It is performed with surgical intervention or endoscopically.

• Vasectomy: Surgical and irreversible. It is a simple surgery that is performed on boys, in which the vas deferens that carries the sperm is cut.

Alternative natural methods

• Menstrual calendar: If, for example, menstruation ends on day one, you will ovulate between 13 and 15. The problem is that women who have irregular periods cannot have this method as reliable, in addition, there are days with risk apart from the fertile.

• Interrupted intercourse: It consists of withdrawing the penis before ejaculating. The problem is that the man does not remove it in time and that the precum contains small amounts of sperm.

• Cervical mucus: A few days before ovulation begins, cervical mucus becomes more elastic. It is a way of knowing our fertile period.

• Breastfeeding: Women who are breastfeeding do not ovulate, as prolactin inhibits this process. However, there are many factors that influence its effectiveness, so they must be carefully evaluated.

Fun facts

• The ancient Egyptians already used contraceptive methods to avoid unwanted pregnancies, they used cloth and also parts of animals such as the intestine of the pig. If we take a leap in time, the first latex condom was invented in 1920, and since then its design has hardly changed despite technological advances.
• Due to its resistance, soldiers use condoms to protect their weapons from sand and to save water. In many cases they were also used as surgical gloves and to stop bleeding.

Conclusion

With this work we have learned a lot about a topic, which will be useful from now on and not make mistakes He aprendido los distintos tipos de anticonceptivos que existen y que no hay que tomar.

Webgraphy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdEKzlIittkhttps://www.enfemenino.com/anticoncepcion/curiosidades-condones-s1898600.html https://enfamilia.aeped.es/vida-sana/metodos-anticonceptivos https://www.ividona.es/20-tipos-de-anticonceptivos-diferentes-existen/