Angular Motion

Angular Motions

Biomechanics assignment three

Centre of mass

And how this cna effect the performance

What is Centre of mass

Centre of mass is the point within the object where all mass is equally spread. This means that the centre of gravitational pull is within the same location as the centre of mass. This can be used within all sports to gain an advantage.

So how can chan ging the centre of mass imporve performance and how it's used within sport

by changing how the body is position this will shift the centre of mass within the body. This can allow for a faster rotation of tghe body or in most contact sports increasing the stability of the athlete. An example of this is within rugby as usually within a takle the athlete with the lower starting position. This is beacuse less force is required to overcome the incoming impact.

The centre of mass within an athlete can also be traisitioned outside their body. this can be used to gain height within a jump within athletivcs events such as high jump. This arching of the back technique allows for the athlete to require less height within the jump to achieve the height to succeed the bar. this will overall improve the performance. The history of this technique was created by Richard Fosbury which demostrates the arching of the back to jump over the bar.Compared to the other athletes at the time they was relying upon their body to p;roduce the force to raise their centre of mass above the bar. After when Fosbury competede within this event the following years they followed his footsteps and the technique gained popularty.

WIthin sports centre of mass can be used to reduce effort required to complete motions. Such as within gymnastics the standing tall stance prior to a run within a tumbling track will allow for a more effceient rotating within the flips. As well as, the centre of mass cna be used to manipluate the stability of an athlete. Having a lower centre of mass with a wider base is the most stable requiring the most quanitity of effor for them to be pushed off balance.

How Centre of mass effects performance

This is why within the sport of rugby there are laws for height of tackle and when an player's feet has left the floor due to the height difference between the collsion and the person jumping they can't comitt a foul till the athlete is on the fllor to prevent injury. The centre of mass different causes for the person in the air to be un stable increasing risk of injury.

Levers and rotation of axes within Biomechanics

Eploring how they can be used to create movements.

What are levers and a rotation of axes

What is ratation of axes? This is the rotation of the athlete can move and change their axis of direction by rotating upon these axes. These three axes, referred to as longitudinal, lateral and vertical. All these aes meet on a perpendicular lline.

What is a lever? A lever is a ridig poitn where a degree of movment changes through a pivot point, within our body's this is built up from the bones, muscles and joints. The joints act as the pivot point which is also known as the fulcrum. The bones are the tructure of the lever system and the muscles are the effort within the lever. The muscles will counter the resistive forces.

1st class of Lever

The first lass lever is where the load (resistance) is equal to the effort upon the pivot. Within the image this shows this class of lever is sutible

How does this relate the rotation of axes? This relates to the axes of roatation due to the planes of movemnet possible. This involves looking towards different directions and how the muscle contracts and rotates to face this direction. This beenfits the spacly awareness of a person.

2nd Class levers

A 2nd class class levers is where the load is between the fulcrum and the fort apllied by the muscles examples of this within the body is extending the ankle within a plantarflexion motion.

This primarily allow for motion across the Y axis as this is primarily using verticle mostions within the body. This lever is used within the gym for resistive machines ti provide the most support upon the person. Which explains why some people are able to lift different masses with similar motions. As the resistance sis concentrated upon a point.

3rd class lever system

A Third class level system consists of the fulcrum locating at one end with the load at the other, requiring a larger force to counter balance the level. Examples of this can be a bicep curl or a quadricep extension. This requires larger force to counter balance the lever to create the motion.

This lever allows for the rotation upon the axis to be completetd within all directions upon the axis if coimpleted effectively. For example squat jumping

Linking lever movements to axis of rotations

extending and linking the three systems.

Linking the certain classes

The other two lever systems will change the dependancy of the force applided within countering the force against the load applied. Eamples of this is within the gym as the resistive machine may allow for someone to increase the mass they can lift causing for them to have less of a challenge with lifting masses compared to a free weight which generally can be a 3rd class lever again like a squat. This mean as a result people can lift high amount mass compared to squatting, though the same motion.

There's little corolation between the 1st lever compared to the other two as there's very few movements that consist of this lever system. The main sporting examples of this is head movements within football like headering the ball as well as, the extend the heigjht of the body within a gymnast.

Linking lever motion to rotation

The 2nd class levers are used to create a more supported motion such as walking with the planterfleion of the ankle joint being the fulcrum when running within sports. This allows for them to push off with this level to change direction and maintain speed when sprinting. This allows for the athleteb to remain on the x axis of rotation when changing direction using a sagittal plane of movement.

Within the image this shows how a mixture of all three levber shystems are used to complete full rotation and change of direction. The head rotation highlights awarness using the x axxis of rotation to complete this. Then pushing of the left leg using a 2nd class lever to sprint passed the defenders allows for this case to remain stable above their centre of mass amd upon between a z and axis.

The first class lever system allows for an X axis rotation upon a transverse plan of motion but is also capable to hange the plane of movement to chgange the ais of rotataion as this lever can be used to roatate the neck on a transverse plan or z axis to loom in different directions which can be used within sports to imrpove awarness of what's taking place.

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Torque within sport

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What is Torque

Torque within sport is is the ability of a force to cause rotation on a lever, this is caused mostly by counter rotating prior to completing a rotation. This is completed within gymnastics by a gallop before jumping to complete a form flip, therefore roatating upon the Y ais as thiswill inrease the speed of the rotation. As this increases the speed this will allow for more rotataions upon more axes. Such as a 180 backflip will be rotating upon all aes.

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Using Angular motion within gymnastics

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Joshua Conchie