Learning Theories Part 2

Part 2

Learning Theories

Adult Learning Theory

Sociocultural

Connectivism

Characteristics

Characteristics

Characteristics

Theorists

Theorists

Theorists

Memory & Learning

Memory & Learning

Memory & Learning

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Individuals learn behavior and knowledge through observation and conversations with adults or peers.

The belief that human interaction contributes to a child's social development

Characteristic of the

SocioculturalTheory

The exchange of language plays a vital role in one's cognitive growth and functionality is society.

The amount of support and guidance received can influence a child's behavior achievement.

Sociocultural

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Theorists

John Dewey

Vygotsky

Social Learning Theory

Sociocultural TheoryZone of Proximal Development

Dewey believed children learn strategies to interact with adults through observation. He also believed children make meaning when given the opportunity to apply skills or knowledge (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017).

Vygotsky believed culture is learned through social interaction where habits, behaviors, beliefs, and language are exchanged and observed. The exposure to language influences one's social development (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017). Vygotsky also recognized learning happens when scaffolds are structured to help an individual acquire new knowledge or skills.

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Sociocultural

Memory & Learning

Role of Memory

Types of Learning

How Learning Occurs

Learners interact with others to make connections and gain new knowledge. This knowledge is then applied to understand their role in their community.

Learners acquire information through the influences of another individual, usually an adult. These experiences and conversations are then stored and remembered.

Cooperative Learning Social (Interpersonal) Auditory Learning Visual Learning Kinesthetic Learning

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Contribution of information is presented in multiple modalities: online books, magazines, journals, videos, images, audio, etc.

Different forms of technology such as computers, kindles, SMART devices give learners access to digital information.

About

Connectivisim

Individuals share their knowledge, opinions, experiences on digital platforms allowing others living in other parts of the world to view their content (Skidmore & Murakami, 2016).

The digital era significantly changed the learning rate due to the accessibly and high amount of knowledge found in technology. (Skidmore & Murakami, 2016).

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Connectivisim

Theorists

Stephen Downes

George Siemens

Downes' network theory of learning is the belief that the third type of knowledge is connectivism. He recognized four aspects that contribute to the network of information: Autonomy, Diversity, Openness, Interactivity.(Skidmore & Murakami, 2016)

Siemens believed that connectivism is about sharing information from individual to individual through through the use of networks. (Skidmore & Murakami, 2016)

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Connectivism

Memory & Learning

Role of Memory

Types of Learning

How Learning Occurs

Learners can connect and exchange information with others to acquire new knowledge or build on prior knowledge. (Connectivism, 2020)

Learners gain new knowledge and insight from others by reading, viewing, listening to content or individuals digitally. Information is then processed and applies to create connections and meaning to oneself. (Skidmore & Murakami, 2016)

Guided Learning Self-Directed Learning Discovery Learning Social Learning Auditory Learning Visual Learning

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Learning approaches will vary among individuals due to the variance in personal learning needs.

Adults recieve, process, and apply new knowledge or skills in diverse ways.

Characteristics of the

Adult Learning Theory

The consideration of the theory can be impactful when designing a curriculum for adults. Adults require more interactive strategies and multiple experiences to learn.

When content is relevant, insightful, and helpful to one's development, learning is more inclined to happen.

Adult Learning Theory

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Theorist

Malcolm Knowles

David Kolb

Knowles' developed the Andragogy theory, which explains adults' learning process and how it differs from a child. Adults require different approaches when learning, such as identifying a reason for learning, multiple opportunities for application, or making personal connections.(Washington Governors University, 2021)

Kolbs believed that implementing interactive and engaging experiences into learning allows adults to process the information and generate their own understanding of the concepts, He identified this as the Experiential Theory. (Washington Governors University, 2021)

Jack Mezirow

Mezirow's Transformative Adult Learning Theory describes how an adults' perspective or belief shifts based on the realization and connection made to newly acquired knowledge. (Washington Governors University, 2021)

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Connectivism

Memory & Learning

How Learning Occurs

Types of Learning

Role of Memory

Adults learn in different ways. Learning can occur when a concept is taught through hands-on, engaging experiences or projects. Individuals acquire information through autonomy or when learning is self-directed. Motivation, connecting to prior knowledge, and understanding the reason why learning is applicable to oneself can lead to new knowledge. (Washington Governors University, 2021)

Adults have a less plastic mindset compared to children when it comes to learning new knowledge. The ability to take in new information requires different pathways for the mind to remember. (Washington Governors University, 2021)

Guided Learning Self-Directed Learning Discovery Learning Experiential Learning Project-Based Learning Transformative Learning

References

Connectivism. (2020). Learning Theories. https://www.learning- theories.com/connectivism-siemens-downes.html Olson, M.H. & Hergenhahn, B. R. (2013) An introduction to theories of learning. Psychology Press. Ornstein, A.C., & Hunkins, F. P. (2017). Curriculum: foundations, principles, and issues. Pearson Education, Inc.Skidmore, D. & Murakami, K. (2016). Dialogic pedagogy: the importance of dialogue in the teaching and learning. Multilingual Matters. Social Learning Theory. (2020). Learning Theories. https://www.learning-theories.com/connectivism-siemens-downes.html Western Governors University. (2021). Adult learning theories and principles. https://www.wgu.edu/blog/adult-learning-theories-principles2004.html