IELTS AND TOEFL READING
What is IELTS Reading?
Reading is the second part of the IELTS test. It takes 60 minutes. It consists of three reading passages of increasing difficulty, and there is a total of 40 questions to answer.
General Training
Academic
There are 3 texts and 40 questions.Each section contains one long text.
Texts are authentic and are taken from books, journals, magazines and newspapers. Duration: 60 minutes
IELTS GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST comprises of three sections .
The texts in these sections are taken from: -notices -advertisements -leaflets -newspapers -instruction manuals -books or magazines
Duration: 60 minutes
IELTS ACADEMIC READING
Texts range from the descriptive and factual to the discursive and analytical. Texts may contain non-verbal materials such as diagrams, graphs or illustrations.
Section 1
It may consist of two or more short texts. These texts usually contain factual information. For example, advertisement for a restaurant or sports center facilities.
Section 2
It may consist of two texts of more complex language than Section 1. These texts are based on workplace survival. For example, pay schemes, work conditions or contract.
Section 3
It consists of a long text and is usually the toughest among the previous texts. This text revolves around general reading. For example, passages taken from magazines, fictional or non-fictional books.
INFO
Question Type 1 - Multiple choice
1. One answer from four alternatives- A,B,C or D 2. Two answers from five alternatives- A,B,C,D or E 3. Three answers from seven alternatives- A,B,C,D,E,F or G
Skills Assessed:
Ability to understand particular points or overall idea of the passage.
Question Type 2- Identifying information-True/false/not given
In this type, you will be given a set of statements. The question will be: Do the following statements agree with the information in the text? Then you need to write your answer as True, False or Not Given. Skills Assessed:
Ability to recognize the information conveyed in the passage.
Identifying information-True/false/not given
False
True
Not given
the statement matches the information in the passage
the statement contradicts the information in the passage
the information is not found in the passage
Question Type 4- Matching information
Skills assessed:
Ability to scan a text to find specific information.
In this question type, you are supposed to match the information given in the question with the information found in one of the paragraphs in the passage.
Question Type 5- Matching Headings
A list of headings with lowercase Roman numerals /I , ii , iii…/ and a passage with lettered paragraphs / A,B,C…/ is given. You must match the heading to the correct paragraph. You need to write appropriate Roman numerals in the box on the answer sheet. The number of headings will always be more than the number of paragraphs.
.
Skills Assessed:
Ability to recognize the main idea or theme of a particular paragraph.
Question Type 6- Matching Features
In this question type, you need to match a set of statements or a piece of information to the list of options given. The options are group of features from the passage. Skills Assessed:
Ability to determine relationships and connections between facts.
Question Type 7- Match Sentence Endings
First half of the sentence will be provided. You need to complete the sentence by choosing the best from a list of possible options. The number of options will be more than the number of sentence. The questions are in the same order as the information appear in the text. Skills Assessed:
Ability to understand the main idea within the sentence.
Matching sentence endings
Question Type 8- Sentence Completion
In this question type, you are asked to complete the sentence with specific number of words. The instructions give you a clear idea about the number of words you need to write. It may be ‘one word’, ‘two/three words’, ‘no more than three words/a number’ and so on.
Skills Assessed:
Ability to locate specific information from the passage.
Sentence completion
Complete the following statements using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.
(put your choice into the gaps - use small letters and don't put any spaces after your last word) 1. Australia was originally founded as a …………………………. 2. The major consideration in colonizing Australia was Britain’s ………………. 3. It was thought that …………..could be gained in that part of the world due to the access provided via Australia. 4. Lord Sydney took every factor into account when he gave official permission for the ………………..of Australia. 5. Botany Bay was abandoned by the settlers due to the lack of cover and …………………….
Question Type 9- Summary, Note, Flowchart, Table completion
In this question type, you need to fill in the gap in the summary, note, table or flowchart in context to the passage. You either have to select your answer from a list of options or choose words from the passage. It is not necessary that the answers appear in the same order as given in the passage.
Skills Assessed:
Ability to identify the main idea of the passage and the type of words that fits into the gap.
Table
Flowchart
Question Type 10- Diagram Label CompletionA labelled diagram with respect to the description in the text will be given. You are supposed to complete those labels.
Skills Assessed:
Ability to relate the information in the text to the labels in the diagram.
Diagram-Label Completion
Complete the diagram below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Do not write articles.
Question Type 11- Short-Answer Question
In this question type, you need to answer questions regarding the details mentioned in the passage. The details mainly relate to some factual information. You must write your answer your on the answer sheet in words/numbers as per the given instructions.
Skills Assessed:
Ability to understand and locate the information given in the passage.
Short answer
General Reading
Academic Reading Differences
You should consider the General Training exam if you are going to work or train in an English-speaking country, or if you are migrating to an English-speaking country, such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand or the UK. Candidates taking the IELTS General Training exam are tested on everyday use of the language, with content and questions focused on workplace and social situations.
This exam is for those planning to study for a higher education (university, college, etc.) or for those who wish to pursue work or training in a professional field such as medicine or engineering. As the name implies, this version assesses a candidate’s readiness for academic studying or training in English.
Experience
What is TOEFL ?
TOEFL stands for Test of English as Foreign Language, is an exam required by most US and Canadian universities to prove proficiency (especially for international students coming from countries where English is not a native language) in English. It measures your listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills to perform academic tasks in English
TOEFL is accepted by more than 11000 universities and other institutions in over 150 countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, the U.K., and across Europe and Asia.
Paper based
Internet based
The TOEFL IBT exam is given online through the Internet at designated testing sites. It is recommended that you have basic typing skills in order to complete this exam in a timely manner. This exam measures writing, reading, listening, and speaking skills. It takes approximately 4 hours to complete.
TOEFL PBT exam is administered via a paper and pencil format. This exam measures listening, reading, writing and grammar skills. This exam is only offered in areas where Internet is not available. The test takes about 2.5 hours to complete. TOEFL PBT has 3 sections.
The test is administered very frequently throughout the year at various locations. This format of the exam is generally the only option students will have at most locations where they will be taking the TOEFL exam.
TOEFL IBT reading section
The reading section is the first part of the TOEFL IBT. Here you will read three or four academic articles, and answer 9 or 10 questions per article. You will get an overall score between 0 and 30 points in the reading section of the test.
TOEFL PBT reading section
- Third part and lasts 55 minutes.
- Measure "the ability to understand non-technical reading material."
- Questions ask about information stated or implied in reading passages and the meaning of specific words or phrases.
- Scoring scale ranges 31 to 67.
- It has 50 questions in total.
How much does the TOEFL cost?
TOEFL cost ranges from US$180 to US$300 (depending on country/location). But the additional charges incurred for other services are as follows:
US $40
Late registration
US $60
Rescheduling
Reinstatement of canceled scores
US $20
Additional score report
US $20 each
How is TOEFL IBT scored?
Each section of TOEFL IBT has a max score of 30; the total maximum score is 120. Most universities require a TOEFL score ranging from 80-100. Scores will be posted online within two weeks of the test date.
What is raw and scaled score?
The total number of questions you answer correctly on each section of the TOEFL is what test makers call a “raw” score.
All the scores you see on your score report are scaled scores.
Understanding the TOEFL score
Level
Skill
Advanced (24–30)High-Intermediate (18–23) Low-Intermediate (4–17) Below Low-Intermediate (0–3)
Reading
How is TOEFL PBT scored?
TOEFL PBT is scored on a scale of 310 to 677. The writing section is not included in the overall score, it is instead reported separately on a scale of 0 to 6. TOEFL PBT scores are valid for 2 years and can be used at any university that accepts TOEFL iBT scores. Most universities in the United States have a minimum TOEFL iBT score required for admittance.
TOEFL reading Question Format: Multiple choiceThe most common format is multiple choice. For these, there are always 4 answer options and only one correct answer (worth one point). There are 7 types: vocabulary, detail, purpose, negative factual information, essential information, reference, and inference. You will do at least 3 of each vocabulary and detail type per passage.
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Vocabulary
This reading question type is easy to identify because you are asked what a word or phrase is closest in meaning to which of the 4 answer options. You need to be able to understand the meaning of the word as it is used in the passage. Usually the vocabulary chosen for a question is necessary to know in order to understand a key idea or concept in the passage.
Example
Question: The word promptly in the passage is closest in meaning toA. purportedly B. secretly C. forcefully D. hastily
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Detail
The detail type of reading question asks you to identify factual information that is stated directly in the passage. Usually the information is only given once in the passage. The question will not ask about a general theme or idea.
- Sample prompts for this kind of question:
- According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of DETAIL?
- The author's description of DETAIL mentions which of the following?
- According to paragraph 2, why did DETAIL do ________ ?
- According to the paragraph, how did DETAIL do ________ ?
Example
Question: According to the author, in paragraph 4, what might be one cause of a single instance of a phobic-like episode? A. Seeing plane crashes on the news B. Watching too much violent television C. Possessing a desire for public attention D. Having too much stress in one's life
.
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Purpose
In this reading question, you need to be able to understand WHY a detail or idea or argument has been used in the reading passage. In otherwise it asks about the logical connections between certain sentences or paragraphs.
Example
Question: Why does the author mention European dance music in paragraph 2?A. To describe one influence that helped turn African slave songs into jazz B. To argue that European dance music was inferior to jazz's antecedents C. To provide an example of a type of music that contrasts sharply with jazz D. To explain why slave owners found the music of their slaves refreshing
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Negative Factual Information
Negative factual information questions answer is either not in the paragraph, or it contradicts information in the paragraph.
Example
Question: According to paragraph 3, all of the following were results of the wide disappearance of American Chestnut trees EXCEPT:A. The loss of creatures who required the tree's resources for their survival. B. Overuse of other types of trees by wildlife attempting to compensate for the change. C. A reduction in the total output of harvested nut crops within many major American forests. D. Macro-changes to the environment in which the trees previously flourished.
countries
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Essential Information
If you see an entire sentence highlighted in the reading passage, then it must be this type. The question will ask you to choose which of the 4 answer option sentences is equal to the highlighted sentence. The correct sentence will be simpler than the highlighted one, but still convey all the important information. Incorrect sentences will leave out an important detail, or represent a detail or concept inaccurately, or change the original meaning of the sentence.
Example
Question: Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The two X chromosomes in the female genome makes women more likely to express recessive traits than men because the male genome has two different chromosomes. B. The two different chromosomes in the male's genetic make-up, instead of the same two chromosomes in the female genome, makes men likely to have more dominant traits than women. C. Women are less likely than men to have recessive traits due to the differences between their genes. D. The male genome is comprised of an X and a Y chromosome which allows recessive traits to be more readily found in men than in women as the female genome has two X chromosomes.
TOEFL Reading Question Type: ReferenceThe reference reading question is similar to the vocabulary type. A word, usually a pronoun, is highlighted in the passage. You are asked what the highlighted word refers to. If it's a pronoun then you need to identify what word the pronoun is replacing. All 4 answer options will be words in the reading passage near the highlighted word.
Question: The word it in the passage refers to....A. night B. sun C. passage D. data
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Inference
- You need to be able to understand all the concepts in the reading passage and from them be able to logically see what else the author is trying to imply.
- The inference type can be recognized by the word "infer", or "imply" or "suggest" in the question prompt. Inference means something that is only suggested in the text, it is not something that is directly stated.
Example
Question: What can be inferred from paragraph 1?A. Mortality rates from infections are much lower today than they were in the 1920s.B. Penicillin has proven very useful but can also have potentially deadly side effects. C. Alexander Fleming was disorganized in several aspects of his professional life. D. A Costa Rican scientist should really get the credit for first discovering penicillin.
TOEFL reading Question Type: Inserting sentence
You will be asked to decide where a new sentence best fits into the reading passage. Read through the paragraph with the sentence now added. Does it make sense? Or maybe it should go in one of the other 3 positions. This question type tests your understanding of the logic in the passage. It also tests your ability to understand the grammatical connections from one sentence to another.
Example
Part of a passage: Their demise also resulted in the extinction of a half-dozen species of forest insects and the severe crippling of other animal populations such as the wild turkey: these all relied on the American Chestnut as a source of habitat and food. () Affected wildlife attempted to adapt to their disrupted environment by looking to other species of trees, such as the Acorn, and seed-bearing plants for food. () This placed great ecological pressure on those species, as none could equal the American Chestnut in its ability to provide a consistently abundant crop of nuts. The problems the American Chestnut blight engendered thus show the ripple effects that can occur within any ecosystem when new elements are introduced in an unsound manner. Question: Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. In fact, is it widely believed that the scope of its devastation far eclipses even that of the fungal disease, also accidentally introduced, that ravaged Dutch Elm trees across Europe and North America, from 1910 to 1928. Where would it best fit?
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Complete the Summary
With this question you are given a summary statement of the reading passage. You are given 6 answer options. You must choose which 3 represent major ideas or contain critical information from the passage. The 3 correct options will NOT have the exact wording of any sentence in the passage. The other 3 will have errors in detail, or state an unimportant concept. You are being tested on your ability to recognize the major ideas in a passage as well as being able to decide what is essential, or important, information from the passage.
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Complete the table
You will see 2 or 3 categories in an otherwise empty table. From the options provided, you must select which ones correctly belong to each category. Each correct option is used only once, but there will also be 2 options that won't be used. There will either be 5 or 7 correct options depending on the question. Questions with 5 correct options are worth a maximum of 3 points, and ones with 7 are worth a maximum of 4 points
The Strategies in Reading Comprehension Section
1.Be familiar with the directions. 2. Do not spend too much time reading the passages. 3. Do not worry if a reading passage is on a topic you are unfamiliar with. 4. Do not spend too much time on a question you are unsure of. 5. Guess to complete the section before time is up.
Conclusion
For the IELTS, both two types, general training and academic are similar of duration of time, scoring and numbers of questions. The difference is that the general training test is given to people who intend to work and travel abroad, while the academic test is given to people who want to study abroad.
For the TOEFL, both the two types , IBT and PBT are different from each other for form of assessment, number of questions and duration of time.
ConclusionIELTS and TOEFL contain a variety of thought and problem-solving questions. As TOEFL is primarily multiple choice,students will need to be able to think analytically to weigh up the differences between their options. IELTS requires more use of memory as students are faced with different question styles. The expert in everything was once a beginner.
References
- https://www.prepscholar.com/toefl/blog/toefl-score-calculator/
https://www.toeflresources.com/reading-section/?fbclid=IwAR3vWADB8doNJ_xRrV0nUI11wwH6N9oue1P4eVpd1orbT71J2tZh1xlR0Q0
- https://www.examenglish.com/TOEFL/index.php?fbclid=IwAR2NQ0EA_7LV_lq_Kb1QGMTjvhE4MsBVxZQEGKIQLHrTh4z0Tj4fvb8HcFc
- https://www.prepadviser.com/toefl/7-toefl-reading-tips-strategies-preparation-test-taking?fbclid=IwAR2lh56DiXDfTppmA8k73q_yZzHKGeVbYSnqqirJvxwELC60EXtJPreIbkw
Thank you for your attention
Мөөгий
Болор
Түмээ
Бишка
Copy - Ielts toefl
Bolormaa
Created on March 29, 2021
Start designing with a free template
Discover more than 1500 professional designs like these:
View
Modern Presentation
View
Terrazzo Presentation
View
Colorful Presentation
View
Modular Structure Presentation
View
Chromatic Presentation
View
City Presentation
View
News Presentation
Explore all templates
Transcript
IELTS AND TOEFL READING
What is IELTS Reading?
Reading is the second part of the IELTS test. It takes 60 minutes. It consists of three reading passages of increasing difficulty, and there is a total of 40 questions to answer.
General Training
Academic
There are 3 texts and 40 questions.Each section contains one long text. Texts are authentic and are taken from books, journals, magazines and newspapers. Duration: 60 minutes
IELTS GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST comprises of three sections . The texts in these sections are taken from: -notices -advertisements -leaflets -newspapers -instruction manuals -books or magazines Duration: 60 minutes
IELTS ACADEMIC READING
Texts range from the descriptive and factual to the discursive and analytical. Texts may contain non-verbal materials such as diagrams, graphs or illustrations.
Section 1
It may consist of two or more short texts. These texts usually contain factual information. For example, advertisement for a restaurant or sports center facilities.
Section 2
It may consist of two texts of more complex language than Section 1. These texts are based on workplace survival. For example, pay schemes, work conditions or contract.
Section 3
It consists of a long text and is usually the toughest among the previous texts. This text revolves around general reading. For example, passages taken from magazines, fictional or non-fictional books.
INFO
Question Type 1 - Multiple choice
1. One answer from four alternatives- A,B,C or D 2. Two answers from five alternatives- A,B,C,D or E 3. Three answers from seven alternatives- A,B,C,D,E,F or G
Skills Assessed: Ability to understand particular points or overall idea of the passage.
Question Type 2- Identifying information-True/false/not given
In this type, you will be given a set of statements. The question will be: Do the following statements agree with the information in the text? Then you need to write your answer as True, False or Not Given. Skills Assessed: Ability to recognize the information conveyed in the passage.
Identifying information-True/false/not given
False
True
Not given
the statement matches the information in the passage
the statement contradicts the information in the passage
the information is not found in the passage
Question Type 4- Matching information
Skills assessed: Ability to scan a text to find specific information.
In this question type, you are supposed to match the information given in the question with the information found in one of the paragraphs in the passage.
Question Type 5- Matching Headings
A list of headings with lowercase Roman numerals /I , ii , iii…/ and a passage with lettered paragraphs / A,B,C…/ is given. You must match the heading to the correct paragraph. You need to write appropriate Roman numerals in the box on the answer sheet. The number of headings will always be more than the number of paragraphs. .
Skills Assessed: Ability to recognize the main idea or theme of a particular paragraph.
Question Type 6- Matching Features
In this question type, you need to match a set of statements or a piece of information to the list of options given. The options are group of features from the passage. Skills Assessed: Ability to determine relationships and connections between facts.
Question Type 7- Match Sentence Endings
First half of the sentence will be provided. You need to complete the sentence by choosing the best from a list of possible options. The number of options will be more than the number of sentence. The questions are in the same order as the information appear in the text. Skills Assessed: Ability to understand the main idea within the sentence.
Matching sentence endings
Question Type 8- Sentence Completion
In this question type, you are asked to complete the sentence with specific number of words. The instructions give you a clear idea about the number of words you need to write. It may be ‘one word’, ‘two/three words’, ‘no more than three words/a number’ and so on.
Skills Assessed: Ability to locate specific information from the passage.
Sentence completion
Complete the following statements using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. (put your choice into the gaps - use small letters and don't put any spaces after your last word) 1. Australia was originally founded as a …………………………. 2. The major consideration in colonizing Australia was Britain’s ………………. 3. It was thought that …………..could be gained in that part of the world due to the access provided via Australia. 4. Lord Sydney took every factor into account when he gave official permission for the ………………..of Australia. 5. Botany Bay was abandoned by the settlers due to the lack of cover and …………………….
Question Type 9- Summary, Note, Flowchart, Table completion
In this question type, you need to fill in the gap in the summary, note, table or flowchart in context to the passage. You either have to select your answer from a list of options or choose words from the passage. It is not necessary that the answers appear in the same order as given in the passage. Skills Assessed: Ability to identify the main idea of the passage and the type of words that fits into the gap.
Table
Flowchart
Question Type 10- Diagram Label CompletionA labelled diagram with respect to the description in the text will be given. You are supposed to complete those labels.
Skills Assessed: Ability to relate the information in the text to the labels in the diagram.
Diagram-Label Completion
Complete the diagram below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Do not write articles.
Question Type 11- Short-Answer Question
In this question type, you need to answer questions regarding the details mentioned in the passage. The details mainly relate to some factual information. You must write your answer your on the answer sheet in words/numbers as per the given instructions.
Skills Assessed: Ability to understand and locate the information given in the passage.
Short answer
General Reading
Academic Reading Differences
You should consider the General Training exam if you are going to work or train in an English-speaking country, or if you are migrating to an English-speaking country, such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand or the UK. Candidates taking the IELTS General Training exam are tested on everyday use of the language, with content and questions focused on workplace and social situations.
This exam is for those planning to study for a higher education (university, college, etc.) or for those who wish to pursue work or training in a professional field such as medicine or engineering. As the name implies, this version assesses a candidate’s readiness for academic studying or training in English.
Experience
What is TOEFL ?
TOEFL stands for Test of English as Foreign Language, is an exam required by most US and Canadian universities to prove proficiency (especially for international students coming from countries where English is not a native language) in English. It measures your listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills to perform academic tasks in English
TOEFL is accepted by more than 11000 universities and other institutions in over 150 countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, the U.K., and across Europe and Asia.
Paper based
Internet based
The TOEFL IBT exam is given online through the Internet at designated testing sites. It is recommended that you have basic typing skills in order to complete this exam in a timely manner. This exam measures writing, reading, listening, and speaking skills. It takes approximately 4 hours to complete.
TOEFL PBT exam is administered via a paper and pencil format. This exam measures listening, reading, writing and grammar skills. This exam is only offered in areas where Internet is not available. The test takes about 2.5 hours to complete. TOEFL PBT has 3 sections.
The test is administered very frequently throughout the year at various locations. This format of the exam is generally the only option students will have at most locations where they will be taking the TOEFL exam.
TOEFL IBT reading section
The reading section is the first part of the TOEFL IBT. Here you will read three or four academic articles, and answer 9 or 10 questions per article. You will get an overall score between 0 and 30 points in the reading section of the test.
TOEFL PBT reading section
How much does the TOEFL cost?
TOEFL cost ranges from US$180 to US$300 (depending on country/location). But the additional charges incurred for other services are as follows:
US $40
Late registration
US $60
Rescheduling
Reinstatement of canceled scores
US $20
Additional score report
US $20 each
How is TOEFL IBT scored?
Each section of TOEFL IBT has a max score of 30; the total maximum score is 120. Most universities require a TOEFL score ranging from 80-100. Scores will be posted online within two weeks of the test date.
What is raw and scaled score?
The total number of questions you answer correctly on each section of the TOEFL is what test makers call a “raw” score. All the scores you see on your score report are scaled scores.
Understanding the TOEFL score
Level
Skill
Advanced (24–30)High-Intermediate (18–23) Low-Intermediate (4–17) Below Low-Intermediate (0–3)
Reading
How is TOEFL PBT scored?
TOEFL PBT is scored on a scale of 310 to 677. The writing section is not included in the overall score, it is instead reported separately on a scale of 0 to 6. TOEFL PBT scores are valid for 2 years and can be used at any university that accepts TOEFL iBT scores. Most universities in the United States have a minimum TOEFL iBT score required for admittance.
TOEFL reading Question Format: Multiple choiceThe most common format is multiple choice. For these, there are always 4 answer options and only one correct answer (worth one point). There are 7 types: vocabulary, detail, purpose, negative factual information, essential information, reference, and inference. You will do at least 3 of each vocabulary and detail type per passage.
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Vocabulary
This reading question type is easy to identify because you are asked what a word or phrase is closest in meaning to which of the 4 answer options. You need to be able to understand the meaning of the word as it is used in the passage. Usually the vocabulary chosen for a question is necessary to know in order to understand a key idea or concept in the passage.
Example
Question: The word promptly in the passage is closest in meaning toA. purportedly B. secretly C. forcefully D. hastily
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Detail
The detail type of reading question asks you to identify factual information that is stated directly in the passage. Usually the information is only given once in the passage. The question will not ask about a general theme or idea.
Example
Question: According to the author, in paragraph 4, what might be one cause of a single instance of a phobic-like episode? A. Seeing plane crashes on the news B. Watching too much violent television C. Possessing a desire for public attention D. Having too much stress in one's life .
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Purpose
In this reading question, you need to be able to understand WHY a detail or idea or argument has been used in the reading passage. In otherwise it asks about the logical connections between certain sentences or paragraphs.
Example
Question: Why does the author mention European dance music in paragraph 2?A. To describe one influence that helped turn African slave songs into jazz B. To argue that European dance music was inferior to jazz's antecedents C. To provide an example of a type of music that contrasts sharply with jazz D. To explain why slave owners found the music of their slaves refreshing
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Negative Factual Information
Negative factual information questions answer is either not in the paragraph, or it contradicts information in the paragraph.
Example
Question: According to paragraph 3, all of the following were results of the wide disappearance of American Chestnut trees EXCEPT:A. The loss of creatures who required the tree's resources for their survival. B. Overuse of other types of trees by wildlife attempting to compensate for the change. C. A reduction in the total output of harvested nut crops within many major American forests. D. Macro-changes to the environment in which the trees previously flourished.
countries
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Essential Information
If you see an entire sentence highlighted in the reading passage, then it must be this type. The question will ask you to choose which of the 4 answer option sentences is equal to the highlighted sentence. The correct sentence will be simpler than the highlighted one, but still convey all the important information. Incorrect sentences will leave out an important detail, or represent a detail or concept inaccurately, or change the original meaning of the sentence.
Example
Question: Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The two X chromosomes in the female genome makes women more likely to express recessive traits than men because the male genome has two different chromosomes. B. The two different chromosomes in the male's genetic make-up, instead of the same two chromosomes in the female genome, makes men likely to have more dominant traits than women. C. Women are less likely than men to have recessive traits due to the differences between their genes. D. The male genome is comprised of an X and a Y chromosome which allows recessive traits to be more readily found in men than in women as the female genome has two X chromosomes.
TOEFL Reading Question Type: ReferenceThe reference reading question is similar to the vocabulary type. A word, usually a pronoun, is highlighted in the passage. You are asked what the highlighted word refers to. If it's a pronoun then you need to identify what word the pronoun is replacing. All 4 answer options will be words in the reading passage near the highlighted word.
Question: The word it in the passage refers to....A. night B. sun C. passage D. data
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Inference
Example
Question: What can be inferred from paragraph 1?A. Mortality rates from infections are much lower today than they were in the 1920s.B. Penicillin has proven very useful but can also have potentially deadly side effects. C. Alexander Fleming was disorganized in several aspects of his professional life. D. A Costa Rican scientist should really get the credit for first discovering penicillin.
TOEFL reading Question Type: Inserting sentence
You will be asked to decide where a new sentence best fits into the reading passage. Read through the paragraph with the sentence now added. Does it make sense? Or maybe it should go in one of the other 3 positions. This question type tests your understanding of the logic in the passage. It also tests your ability to understand the grammatical connections from one sentence to another.
Example
Part of a passage: Their demise also resulted in the extinction of a half-dozen species of forest insects and the severe crippling of other animal populations such as the wild turkey: these all relied on the American Chestnut as a source of habitat and food. () Affected wildlife attempted to adapt to their disrupted environment by looking to other species of trees, such as the Acorn, and seed-bearing plants for food. () This placed great ecological pressure on those species, as none could equal the American Chestnut in its ability to provide a consistently abundant crop of nuts. The problems the American Chestnut blight engendered thus show the ripple effects that can occur within any ecosystem when new elements are introduced in an unsound manner. Question: Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. In fact, is it widely believed that the scope of its devastation far eclipses even that of the fungal disease, also accidentally introduced, that ravaged Dutch Elm trees across Europe and North America, from 1910 to 1928. Where would it best fit?
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Complete the Summary
With this question you are given a summary statement of the reading passage. You are given 6 answer options. You must choose which 3 represent major ideas or contain critical information from the passage. The 3 correct options will NOT have the exact wording of any sentence in the passage. The other 3 will have errors in detail, or state an unimportant concept. You are being tested on your ability to recognize the major ideas in a passage as well as being able to decide what is essential, or important, information from the passage.
TOEFL Reading Question Type: Complete the table
You will see 2 or 3 categories in an otherwise empty table. From the options provided, you must select which ones correctly belong to each category. Each correct option is used only once, but there will also be 2 options that won't be used. There will either be 5 or 7 correct options depending on the question. Questions with 5 correct options are worth a maximum of 3 points, and ones with 7 are worth a maximum of 4 points
The Strategies in Reading Comprehension Section
1.Be familiar with the directions. 2. Do not spend too much time reading the passages. 3. Do not worry if a reading passage is on a topic you are unfamiliar with. 4. Do not spend too much time on a question you are unsure of. 5. Guess to complete the section before time is up.
Conclusion
For the IELTS, both two types, general training and academic are similar of duration of time, scoring and numbers of questions. The difference is that the general training test is given to people who intend to work and travel abroad, while the academic test is given to people who want to study abroad.
For the TOEFL, both the two types , IBT and PBT are different from each other for form of assessment, number of questions and duration of time.
ConclusionIELTS and TOEFL contain a variety of thought and problem-solving questions. As TOEFL is primarily multiple choice,students will need to be able to think analytically to weigh up the differences between their options. IELTS requires more use of memory as students are faced with different question styles. The expert in everything was once a beginner.
References
Thank you for your attention
Мөөгий
Болор
Түмээ
Бишка