Transport of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane
Contents
- Properties of the Plasma Membrane
- Passive Transport
- Simple diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Osmosis
- Active Transport
- Primary Active Transport
- Secondary Active Transport
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
Plasma Membrane
REGULATES WHAT CAN ENTER AND EXIT THE CELL
Extracellular Fluid
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT Passive Transport Active Transport
FATTY ACID TAILS - hydrophobic - non-polar
MEMBRANE PROTEINS
CHOLESTEROL
PHOSPHATE HEAD - hydrophilic - polar
Cytosol
- Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B., Burkett, B., Peoples, G., Dye, D., Cooke, J., . . . Mellifont, R. (2019). Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed., Asia-Pacific). Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
- Membranes and Transport | Biology Library | Science https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/membranes-and-transport
Passive Transport - Diffusion
The movement of a substance from an area of high to low concentration
Low
High
Concentration Gradient
- Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B., Burkett, B., Peoples, G., Dye, D., Cooke, J., . . . Mellifont, R. (2019). Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed., Asia-Pacific). Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
- Membranes and Transport | Biology Library | Science https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/membranes-and-transport
Passive Transport - Simple Diffusion
Cytosol
Extracellular Fluid
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
Small, non-polar substances moving across the membrane
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
CO2
CO2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
o2
- Oxygen
- Carbon Dioxide
- Nitrogen
- Fatty acids
- Steriods
- Water
- Urea
- Vitamins
non-polar
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
- Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B., Burkett, B., Peoples, G., Dye, D., Cooke, J., . . . Mellifont, R. (2019). Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed., Asia-Pacific). Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
- Anatomy and Physiology | Lumen Learning – Membrane Transport https://courses.lumenlearning.com/nemcc-ap/chapter/3204/
Passive Transport - Facilitated Diffusion
Small, polar, charged substances moving across the membrane
Extracellular Fluid
polar
Cytosol
- Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B., Burkett, B., Peoples, G., Dye, D., Cooke, J., . . . Mellifont, R. (2019). Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed., Asia-Pacific). Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
- Membranes and Transport | Biology Library | Science https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/membranes-and-transport
Channel Mediated Diffusion
Channel Protein
Ion
Ion
Extracellular Fluid
- Potassium
- Chloride
- Sodium
- Calcium
Ion
Cytosol
Ion
Ion
Ion
Ion
- Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B., Burkett, B., Peoples, G., Dye, D., Cooke, J., . . . Mellifont, R. (2019). Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed., Asia-Pacific). Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
- Membranes and Transport | Biology Library | Science https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/membranes-and-transport
Carrier Mediated Diffusion
Carrier Protein
Extracellular Fluid
- Glucose
- Fuctose
- Galactose
- Vitamins
Glucose
Cytosol
- Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B., Burkett, B., Peoples, G., Dye, D., Cooke, J., . . . Mellifont, R. (2019). Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed., Asia-Pacific). Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
- Membranes and Transport | Biology Library | Science https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/membranes-and-transport
Osmosis
Passive net movement of solvents across a selectivly permiable membrane
Aquapor in
Isotonic
Extracellular Fluid
Cytosol
- Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B., Burkett, B., Peoples, G., Dye, D., Cooke, J., . . . Mellifont, R. (2019). Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed., Asia-Pacific). Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
- Membranes and Transport | Biology Library | Science https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/membranes-and-transport
- Osmosis: Membranes and transport: Biology: Khan Academy
- https://youtu.be/rCNlG_j_gSM
Active Transport
- Require energy - against concentration gradient- From low to high concentration - Carrier protein transport potassium, sodium, calcium, iodine, amino acids, monosaccharides - Primary active transport, Secondary active transport
Active Transport - Primary
Small, polar, charged substances moving across the membrane
Ion Pump
Na+
Na+
Na+ K+ Pump
Na+
Na+
K+
K+
Na+
Na+
Na+
Extracellular Fluid
Cytosol
K+
K+
K+
K+
Na+
Na+
Na+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
- Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B., Burkett, B., Peoples, G., Dye, D., Cooke, J., . . . Mellifont, R. (2019). Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed., Asia-Pacific). Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
- Membranes and Transport | Biology Library | Science https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/membranes-and-transport
Active Transport - Secondary
Substance moved against concentration gradient using energy from the energy stores in ionic concentration gradient
= Energy
High
High
Low
Low
H+
H+
H+
Antiporter
Symporter
Na+
Na+
Na+
Na+
Na+
Glucose
Na+
H+
H+
Na+
H+
Na+
Na+
H+
Na+
Extracellular Fluid
Cytosol
H+
H+
Na+
H+
Na+
H+
- Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B., Burkett, B., Peoples, G., Dye, D., Cooke, J., . . . Mellifont, R. (2019). Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed., Asia-Pacific). Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
- Membranes and Transport | Biology Library | Science https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/membranes-and-transport
Vesicular Transport
- Active process - Require energy - Transport of larger substances e.g. proteins, carbohydrates - Endocytosis, Exocytosis
- Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B., Burkett, B., Peoples, G., Dye, D., Cooke, J., . . . Mellifont, R. (2019). Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed., Asia-Pacific). Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
- Vesicular Transport (article) https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/cell-structure-and-function/membrane-transport/a/bulk-transport
Vesicular Transport -Endocytosis
- Phagocyte englufs large cells
- Forms phagosome
- phagosome bind to lysosome for breakdown
- Droplets engulphed by membrane
- Vesicle pinches and enters cell
- Droplets become smaller molecules
- Receptors bind with molecules in extracellular fluid
- Membrane forms vesicle - encloses receptors
- Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B., Burkett, B., Peoples, G., Dye, D., Cooke, J., . . . Mellifont, R. (2019). Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed., Asia-Pacific). Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
- Vesicular Transport (article) https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/cell-structure-and-function/membrane-transport/a/bulk-transport
Vesicular Transport -Exocytosis
- Opposite of endocytosis
- Molecules moved out of cell
- Molecules packaged into vesicles formed by golgi aparatis
- Transported to cell membrane
- Vesicle fuses to membrane
- Open to release molecule to extracellular environment
- Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B., Burkett, B., Peoples, G., Dye, D., Cooke, J., . . . Mellifont, R. (2019). Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed., Asia-Pacific). Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
- Vesicular Transport (article) https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/cell-structure-and-function/membrane-transport/a/bulk-transport
References
- Anatomy and Physiology | Lumen Learning – Membrane Transport https://courses.lumenlearning.com/nemcc-ap/chapter/3204/
- Crierie, A., Greig, D., & Ruthven, S. (2017). Essentials Biology Workbook (1st (revised) ed.). Adelaide, SA: Adelaide Tuition Centre.
- Membranes and Transport | Biology Library | Science
- https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/membranes-and-transport
- Osmosis: Membranes and transport: Biology: Khan Academy
- https://youtu.be/rCNlG_j_gSM
- Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B., Burkett, B., Peoples, G., Dye, D., Cooke, J., . . . Mellifont, R. (2019). Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed., Asia-Pacific). Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
- Vesicular Transport (article) https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/cell-structure-and-function/membrane-transport/a/bulk-transport
Membrane Transport
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Transcript
Transport of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane
Contents
Plasma Membrane
REGULATES WHAT CAN ENTER AND EXIT THE CELL
Extracellular Fluid
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT Passive Transport Active Transport
FATTY ACID TAILS - hydrophobic - non-polar
MEMBRANE PROTEINS
CHOLESTEROL
PHOSPHATE HEAD - hydrophilic - polar
Cytosol
Passive Transport - Diffusion
The movement of a substance from an area of high to low concentration
Low
High
Concentration Gradient
Passive Transport - Simple Diffusion
Cytosol
Extracellular Fluid
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
Small, non-polar substances moving across the membrane
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
CO2
CO2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
o2
non-polar
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
Passive Transport - Facilitated Diffusion
Small, polar, charged substances moving across the membrane
Extracellular Fluid
polar
Cytosol
Channel Mediated Diffusion
Channel Protein
Ion
Ion
Extracellular Fluid
Ion
Cytosol
Ion
Ion
Ion
Ion
Carrier Mediated Diffusion
Carrier Protein
Extracellular Fluid
Glucose
Cytosol
Osmosis
Passive net movement of solvents across a selectivly permiable membrane
Aquapor in
Isotonic
Extracellular Fluid
Cytosol
Active Transport
- Require energy - against concentration gradient- From low to high concentration - Carrier protein transport potassium, sodium, calcium, iodine, amino acids, monosaccharides - Primary active transport, Secondary active transport
Active Transport - Primary
Small, polar, charged substances moving across the membrane
Ion Pump
Na+
Na+
Na+ K+ Pump
Na+
Na+
K+
K+
Na+
Na+
Na+
Extracellular Fluid
Cytosol
K+
K+
K+
K+
Na+
Na+
Na+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
Active Transport - Secondary
Substance moved against concentration gradient using energy from the energy stores in ionic concentration gradient
= Energy
High
High
Low
Low
H+
H+
H+
Antiporter
Symporter
Na+
Na+
Na+
Na+
Na+
Glucose
Na+
H+
H+
Na+
H+
Na+
Na+
H+
Na+
Extracellular Fluid
Cytosol
H+
H+
Na+
H+
Na+
H+
Vesicular Transport
- Active process - Require energy - Transport of larger substances e.g. proteins, carbohydrates - Endocytosis, Exocytosis
Vesicular Transport -Endocytosis
Vesicular Transport -Exocytosis
References