Learning Theories
Nicole Pearson - EDU-522
Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism
Major TheoristsThe major constructivism theorists include: Piaget, Vygotsky, and Dewey Characteristics In constructivism the individuals' background and life experiences are of the utmost importance. As this theory believes each person's unique experiences shapes their process of learning new information, and makes it just as unique (Fosnot, 2013). Role of Memory As something new is learned, a similar idea or event is used to compare this knowledge to what they already know. They might rework contradictory ideas to fit what they learned with what they already have stored in their memory.
Major TheoristsThe major cognitivism theorists include: Montessori, Vygotsky, Phenix, Bruner, Piaget, Bloom, Gardner, Guiford, Ennis, Lipman, Sternberg, and Feuerstein Characteristics Cognitivism is an attempt to understand how people learn cerebrally, including the techniques they use to assimilate information or if their history and environment have any impact on their abilities. Role of MemoryCognitive scientists say that memory is made up of short term and long term. How well someone learns something in their short term and then transfers it to their long term, shows how effective of a learner they are (Ornstein, 2017).
Major TheoristsThe major behaviorism theorists include: Thorndike, Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, Gagne, and BanduraCharacteristics Behaviorism started with a focus on individuals' responses to situations, and evolved to included reinforcing certain responses with either positive or negative stimuli to condition behaviors (Ornstein, 2017). Role of Memory The more times a response and a stimulus are paired together, or vise versa a stimulus and a response, the stronger that connection will be in an individuals mind. This includes positive and negative reinforcement after an outcome is achieved or the connection may be made by pairing a stimulus with an action, i.e. ringing a bell when dinner is served.
Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism
How Learning OccursThe school of behaviorism sees learning occurring as a change in behavior (Gould, 2019). More specifically the steps taken to get the desired outcome of learning are endlessly tested to ensure that the stimuli is resulting in the most effective behavior change, i.e the method of teaching results in the most successful learning for the most amount of students. Types of Learning Types of learning for this learning theory include: individualized or direct instruction, learning through association, observational based learning, or competency-based education (Ornstein, 2017). Overall, behaviorism tends to be focused on following a more rigid set of steps and rules for the learning environment.
How Learning OccursCognitivists are of the opinion that learning happens as information is taken in by the learner and understood by using knowledge they already have to understand it or put it into perspective. There are three factors that change how each person receives the information: personal, behavioral, and environmental (Peters-Burton, 2016). Types of Learning The types of learning associated with this theory are more about allowing the student some space to process information, but the instructor still is in the role of directing the learning process. This would include problem solving activities or inquiry/discovery methods of learning (Ornstein, 2017).
How Learning OccursThis learning theory is very similar to Cognitivism as learning occurs between the learner's past experiences and the new knowledge, but is different as the learner is treated as the key player who must transform the knowledge themselves (Ornstein, 2017). Also this process is most effective when the learner is aware what is happening and restructures or employs the new information. Types of Learning The types of learning are less important than there are multiple ways of presenting the information, as well as the student being more in the driving seat with the teacher facilitating their introduction to the material (Gould, 2019).
References
Fosnot, C. T. (2013). Constructivism: Theory, perspectives, and practice. Teachers College Press. Gould, M. (2019). Learning Process. Salem Press Encyclopedia. Ornstein, A.C., & Hunkins, F. P. (2017). Curriculum: foundations, principles, and issues. Pearson Education.https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/pearson/2016/curriculum_foundations-principles-and-issues_7e.php
Peters-Burton, E. E. (2016). Application of learning theory to curriculum and Instruction Design. School Science and Mathematics, 116(8), 409–410. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.12200
Learning Theories
Nicole P
Created on March 23, 2021
EDU 522
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Transcript
Learning Theories
Nicole Pearson - EDU-522
Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism
Major TheoristsThe major constructivism theorists include: Piaget, Vygotsky, and Dewey Characteristics In constructivism the individuals' background and life experiences are of the utmost importance. As this theory believes each person's unique experiences shapes their process of learning new information, and makes it just as unique (Fosnot, 2013). Role of Memory As something new is learned, a similar idea or event is used to compare this knowledge to what they already know. They might rework contradictory ideas to fit what they learned with what they already have stored in their memory.
Major TheoristsThe major cognitivism theorists include: Montessori, Vygotsky, Phenix, Bruner, Piaget, Bloom, Gardner, Guiford, Ennis, Lipman, Sternberg, and Feuerstein Characteristics Cognitivism is an attempt to understand how people learn cerebrally, including the techniques they use to assimilate information or if their history and environment have any impact on their abilities. Role of MemoryCognitive scientists say that memory is made up of short term and long term. How well someone learns something in their short term and then transfers it to their long term, shows how effective of a learner they are (Ornstein, 2017).
Major TheoristsThe major behaviorism theorists include: Thorndike, Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, Gagne, and BanduraCharacteristics Behaviorism started with a focus on individuals' responses to situations, and evolved to included reinforcing certain responses with either positive or negative stimuli to condition behaviors (Ornstein, 2017). Role of Memory The more times a response and a stimulus are paired together, or vise versa a stimulus and a response, the stronger that connection will be in an individuals mind. This includes positive and negative reinforcement after an outcome is achieved or the connection may be made by pairing a stimulus with an action, i.e. ringing a bell when dinner is served.
Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism
How Learning OccursThe school of behaviorism sees learning occurring as a change in behavior (Gould, 2019). More specifically the steps taken to get the desired outcome of learning are endlessly tested to ensure that the stimuli is resulting in the most effective behavior change, i.e the method of teaching results in the most successful learning for the most amount of students. Types of Learning Types of learning for this learning theory include: individualized or direct instruction, learning through association, observational based learning, or competency-based education (Ornstein, 2017). Overall, behaviorism tends to be focused on following a more rigid set of steps and rules for the learning environment.
How Learning OccursCognitivists are of the opinion that learning happens as information is taken in by the learner and understood by using knowledge they already have to understand it or put it into perspective. There are three factors that change how each person receives the information: personal, behavioral, and environmental (Peters-Burton, 2016). Types of Learning The types of learning associated with this theory are more about allowing the student some space to process information, but the instructor still is in the role of directing the learning process. This would include problem solving activities or inquiry/discovery methods of learning (Ornstein, 2017).
How Learning OccursThis learning theory is very similar to Cognitivism as learning occurs between the learner's past experiences and the new knowledge, but is different as the learner is treated as the key player who must transform the knowledge themselves (Ornstein, 2017). Also this process is most effective when the learner is aware what is happening and restructures or employs the new information. Types of Learning The types of learning are less important than there are multiple ways of presenting the information, as well as the student being more in the driving seat with the teacher facilitating their introduction to the material (Gould, 2019).
References
Fosnot, C. T. (2013). Constructivism: Theory, perspectives, and practice. Teachers College Press. Gould, M. (2019). Learning Process. Salem Press Encyclopedia. Ornstein, A.C., & Hunkins, F. P. (2017). Curriculum: foundations, principles, and issues. Pearson Education.https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/pearson/2016/curriculum_foundations-principles-and-issues_7e.php Peters-Burton, E. E. (2016). Application of learning theory to curriculum and Instruction Design. School Science and Mathematics, 116(8), 409–410. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.12200