Adjectives
Instituto Dr. Antonio NoresProfesorado de Ingles Teacher Alejandra Palacio Student Maria Julia Sago - Grammar -
what is an adjective?
It is a describing word
It tell us about such things as the size colour age, material or quality of person or thing
A word wich tell us about the quality of noun or a pronoun
Classification of Adjectives
Qualitative
Emphasising
Classifying
THEY ARE USED TO SAY THAT SOMETHING IS OF A PARTICULAR TYPE Example: Modern art Indian food Spanish tradicional dance
THEY ARE USED TO GIVE THE QUALITY THAT A THING OR A PERSON HAS Example: A great friend THe blue sky
THEY ARE USED TO EMPHASISE OUR FEELINGS ABOUT SOMETHING Example: The whole day A complete mess
Characteristics of Adjectives
Position of the Adjectives in the sentence
Postpositively
Atributively
Predicatively
SEPARATED FROM NOUN FOLLOWING A VERB LIKE BE, SEEM, APPEAR, LOOK Example: My mum looks tired He appears haendsome
AFTER A NOUN Example: She is looking for someone lovely The students preceding The President elect
BEFORE A NOUN Example: The red ballon All of my shoes are unfashionable It is a beautiful teddy bear
Characteristics of adjectives
- past and proceding can be both (attributive and predicative)
in past years (attributive)in years past (postpositive)
May be usedATRIBUTIVELY PREDICATIVELY POSTPOSITIVELY
INVARIABLENo gender no plural/singular
- Some have different meanings, before or after a noun concerned, involved, opposite, present, proper, responsible
He is responsible for the fireTomas is very responsible student
- With the word only preceding a singular noun follows the noun
The only place big enough The only school available
- After a noun group consisting of a number or determiner and a noun that indicates the unit or measurement, some adjetives describes a size
He was about nine months oldThe treasure was several metres deep
- Compounds indefinite pronouns and adverbs ending -body -one -thing -where
- Institutionalised expressions
- They can be gradable or non-gradable (next page)
Gradableandnon gradable
Lorem Ipsum
Gradable
They can be used
- in the comparative form
- with intensifiers showing gradability
- with adverbs: very/extremely/dreadfully/hugely/rather/intensely/ slightly
Example: The coffee is very cold My book is highly recommended
Non-gradable
They describe absolute qualitiesThey are used with adverbs which emphasize their extreme or absolute nature, such as absolutely or completely. They imply "to a large degree". Examples: left - right - single - correct - equal - absent - universal - scientific round - square - excellent - impossible Example: I am single - All of her scientific work The house is square - This work is impossible
PositionofAdjectives
Order of Adjectives
in phrase
Determiners
Ordnials
Quantifiers
Adjectives
Noun
noun or noun phrase
bothall half - the
this
these
that
those
next
last
first
second etc.
fewmany little a lot of one two etc.
smallitalian red new
Order of Adjectives
If there are several adjetives modifying a nounphrase
Value/Opinion
Size/Weight
Purpose/use
Age/Temperature
Material
Colour
Origin
Shape
Color
squareround circular oval
large small big heavy
old new young hot
sadboring clean clever
blackwithe green brown
woodencorron medical financial
Italianrural Spanish Victorian
shoppingriding writing swimming
Comparative forms
The use of Comparative forms
comparative + and + comparative
to show that something increases or decreases Example:The hearth is getting warmer and warmer with climate change
the + comparative, ... the + comparative
to show that two things change together or that one thing depends on another thing Example: The more I practice, the better I get
Comparison of Adjectives
POSITIVE
Example:Mila Kunis is so beautiful
COMPARATIVE
We use the comparative when comparing two things, to express the idea of one deserving the adjective to a greater extent than the other Example:The film Monters Inc is funnier than Mohana
SUPERLATIVE
We use the superlative form when comparing three or more things, to express the idea or one deserving the adjective to a greater exent than all the others Example: On Mondays I do the shortest routine of excersise of the week
Comparison of Adjectives
Rules
good - better - the bestbad - worse - the worstfar - farther/further - the fartes/the furthestill - worse - the worstmuch - more - the most
-ER and -EST
*ends in ple/ble: -ER and -EST *ends in a consonant+y, change the y into i: -ER and -EST *ends -ly, -ow, -er, or -some: -ER and -EST, more and most *Others without suffixes: more and most, -ER and -EST *Others: more and most
- Three o more syllable adjective
more and most
Comparison of Adjectives
Types
Comparison of Superiority ----------------> John is better at judo than Tomas Comparison of equality -------------------> Your appartment is as big as mine Comparison of inferiority -----------------> Robert´s car is not as expensive as this car Comparative and superlative forms often confused:further/furthest - farther/farthest elder - older/oldestlatest - the last
¡Thanks!
- Grammar - Student: Maria Julia Sago
Adjectives_Sago Maria Julia
Juli Sago
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Transcript
Adjectives
Instituto Dr. Antonio NoresProfesorado de Ingles Teacher Alejandra Palacio Student Maria Julia Sago - Grammar -
what is an adjective?
It is a describing word
It tell us about such things as the size colour age, material or quality of person or thing
A word wich tell us about the quality of noun or a pronoun
Classification of Adjectives
Qualitative
Emphasising
Classifying
THEY ARE USED TO SAY THAT SOMETHING IS OF A PARTICULAR TYPE Example: Modern art Indian food Spanish tradicional dance
THEY ARE USED TO GIVE THE QUALITY THAT A THING OR A PERSON HAS Example: A great friend THe blue sky
THEY ARE USED TO EMPHASISE OUR FEELINGS ABOUT SOMETHING Example: The whole day A complete mess
Characteristics of Adjectives
Position of the Adjectives in the sentence
Postpositively
Atributively
Predicatively
SEPARATED FROM NOUN FOLLOWING A VERB LIKE BE, SEEM, APPEAR, LOOK Example: My mum looks tired He appears haendsome
AFTER A NOUN Example: She is looking for someone lovely The students preceding The President elect
BEFORE A NOUN Example: The red ballon All of my shoes are unfashionable It is a beautiful teddy bear
Characteristics of adjectives
- past and proceding can be both (attributive and predicative)
in past years (attributive)in years past (postpositive)May be usedATRIBUTIVELY PREDICATIVELY POSTPOSITIVELY
INVARIABLENo gender no plural/singular
- Some have different meanings, before or after a noun concerned, involved, opposite, present, proper, responsible
He is responsible for the fireTomas is very responsible student- With the word only preceding a singular noun follows the noun
The only place big enough The only school available- After a noun group consisting of a number or determiner and a noun that indicates the unit or measurement, some adjetives describes a size
He was about nine months oldThe treasure was several metres deepGradableandnon gradable
Lorem Ipsum
Gradable
They can be used
- in the comparative form
- with intensifiers showing gradability
- with adverbs: very/extremely/dreadfully/hugely/rather/intensely/ slightly
Example: The coffee is very cold My book is highly recommendedNon-gradable
They describe absolute qualitiesThey are used with adverbs which emphasize their extreme or absolute nature, such as absolutely or completely. They imply "to a large degree". Examples: left - right - single - correct - equal - absent - universal - scientific round - square - excellent - impossible Example: I am single - All of her scientific work The house is square - This work is impossible
PositionofAdjectives
Order of Adjectives
in phrase
Determiners
Ordnials
Quantifiers
Adjectives
Noun
noun or noun phrase
bothall half - the this these that those
next last first second etc.
fewmany little a lot of one two etc.
smallitalian red new
Order of Adjectives
If there are several adjetives modifying a nounphrase
Value/Opinion
Size/Weight
Purpose/use
Age/Temperature
Material
Colour
Origin
Shape
Color
squareround circular oval
large small big heavy
old new young hot
sadboring clean clever
blackwithe green brown
woodencorron medical financial
Italianrural Spanish Victorian
shoppingriding writing swimming
Comparative forms
The use of Comparative forms
comparative + and + comparative
to show that something increases or decreases Example:The hearth is getting warmer and warmer with climate change
the + comparative, ... the + comparative
to show that two things change together or that one thing depends on another thing Example: The more I practice, the better I get
Comparison of Adjectives
POSITIVE
Example:Mila Kunis is so beautiful
COMPARATIVE
We use the comparative when comparing two things, to express the idea of one deserving the adjective to a greater extent than the other Example:The film Monters Inc is funnier than Mohana
SUPERLATIVE
We use the superlative form when comparing three or more things, to express the idea or one deserving the adjective to a greater exent than all the others Example: On Mondays I do the shortest routine of excersise of the week
Comparison of Adjectives
Rules
- Irregular forms
good - better - the bestbad - worse - the worstfar - farther/further - the fartes/the furthestill - worse - the worstmuch - more - the most- One syllable adjective
-ER and -EST- Two syllable adjective
*ends in ple/ble: -ER and -EST *ends in a consonant+y, change the y into i: -ER and -EST *ends -ly, -ow, -er, or -some: -ER and -EST, more and most *Others without suffixes: more and most, -ER and -EST *Others: more and most- Three o more syllable adjective
more and mostComparison of Adjectives
Types
Comparison of Superiority ----------------> John is better at judo than Tomas Comparison of equality -------------------> Your appartment is as big as mine Comparison of inferiority -----------------> Robert´s car is not as expensive as this car Comparative and superlative forms often confused:further/furthest - farther/farthest elder - older/oldestlatest - the last
¡Thanks!
- Grammar - Student: Maria Julia Sago