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Sequence Segregation 3ème
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Created on March 10, 2021
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Transcript
The evolution of slavery in the US
Present and describe the document:
Part 1: SLAVERY A) The origins of slavery
Correction: This document is a painting of Sydney King which represents the origin of slavery with the arrival of the first slaves in the colony of Virginia. This painting is divided into three parts : - in the background, we can see two vessels/boats/ships on the ocean. - in the middle ground, there are two groups of people: on the right, we can see many people who are well-dressed and armed (they probably are slaves owners) while on the left, there is a group of black and badly-dressed people kneeling on the floor (who are probably slaves) - in the foreground, we can see some barrels. This document shows the first exchange of human slaves in the USA in the 17th century
Video "Origin of slavery": Listen to the document and recap what you've understood
Correction: Origins of slavery In 1619, British settled in Virginia. One day, a Dutch slave ship landed on their colonies and the British decided to take advantage of this event. Indeed, they were isolated on the land and were devastated by hunger, diseases and raids by native Americans. So they exchanged food and services for the human cargo. They offered land and freedom for seven years of hard labor. Thanks to this help, the British colonies became more profitable and they finally changed their mind to keep the Blacks as slaves. Moreover, the Blacks were not recognized by the British law so they didn't have any rights. In 1641, slavery was legalized and the slaves were concidered as properties like any objects. In 1660, King Charles IInd established the Royal African Company to transport what they called their “black gold” from Africa to the US colonies. However, in 1807, England outlawed slavery whereas it was profitable to Americans. Consequently, the Americans relied on their own internal slave trade. By 1960, a million Blacks were moved and sold in the colonies. Families were torn apart and slaves were moved southward. Owners wanted their own slave reproducing labor force and the conditions worsened: they sold them in auctions (mainly into prostitution for women), they whipped and flogged them (it was legally authorized). Nevertheless, slavery was not encouraged by everyone: the population was divided on the matter.
Grammatical Point:Le passif Slaves were beaten by masters in plantations Cotton was produced by the slaves. Regarde les éléments soulignés. De quoi sont-ils composés ? Conclusion: on utilise le passif pour ____________ce que quelqu'un ou quelque chose subit. - Au présent, le passif se forme avec l'auxiliaire ____conjugué au __________et le ________ ________du verbe (on ajoute -ed ou -d au verbe ou la 3° colonne des verbes irréguliers). - Au passé, le passif se forme avec l'auxiliaire ____conjugué au __________et le ________ ______ du verbe. Si on veut préciser par qui l'action est faite, on ajoute un complément d'agent introduit par ______. Ex : Lots of slaves were transported to the USA by the Europeans.
INSISTER SUR
BE
PRESENT
PARTICIPE PASSE
BE
PASSE
PARTICIPE PASSE
BY
Grammatical Point:Le passif Slaves were beaten by masters in plantations Cotton was produced by the slaves. Regarde les éléments soulignés. De quoi sont-ils composés ? Conclusion: on utilise le passif pour ____________ce que quelqu'un ou quelque chose subit. - Au présent, le passif se forme avec l'auxiliaire ____conjugué au __________et le ________ ________du verbe (on ajoute -ed ou -d au verbe ou la 3° colonne des verbes irréguliers). - Au passé, le passif se forme avec l'auxiliaire ____conjugué au __________et le ________ ______ du verbe. Si on veut préciser par qui l'action est faite, on ajoute un complément d'agent introduit par ______. Ex : Lots of slaves were transported to the USA by the Europeans.
INSISTER SUR
BE
PRESENT
PARTICIPE PASSE
BE
PASSE
PARTICIPE PASSE
BY
B) The triangular trade
EXERCISE : Complete with the correct verb and using the passive form : separate / whip / chain / give / pack / use The slave _________ by his master to work harder. A weapon _________ to an African in exchange of a slave. Families _________ and children _________ (often) for prostitution. The blacks _________ and _________ on ships: the conditions were awful
was whipped
was given
were often used
were separated
were packed
were chained
(https://learningapps.org/display?v=p2c7sax1c20)
Look at the document and answer the questions: 1) What type of document is it? 2) What continent are represented ? 3) What are the different exchanges? 4) How were these exchanges called?
Correction: This document is a map representing the triangular trade. It was an exchange between three continents : Europe, Africa and America. Europe sent goods to Africa in exchanged of slaves who were sent to America to work in fields in plantations to create cotton and tobacco. These products were then shipped back to Europe.
Read the text and answer the questions:
Correction: A)1) Europe / Africa / America 2) firearms, metals, alcohol, beads, knives and mirrors / slaves / cotton, tobacco, sugar, cane, coffee 3) in Southern plantations in colonies 4) refined goods B)beads / goods / war tribes / to pack / slave ships / to carry / journey / owners / to produce / to ship / to sell / to bring money
Complete the following text with words from the list : ammunition – cargo – cotton - exchanged – goods – home – ship – slaves – sold – textile - Europe – European – Africa – America First a …………… left a ………… harbour. Its …………… consisted of rum, ……………, guns and …………… and other manufactured ……………. When the ship arrived in ……………, the traders …………… the cargo for ………………Then, the slave ship sailed to …………… where the traders …………. the black slaves for a good profit and loaded a new cargo: tobacco, sugar and …………… . Finally, the ship went back to its …………… port in …………… to complete the triangle.
ship
European
cargo
ammunition
textile
goods
Africa
exchanged
America
slaves
sold
home
cotton
Europe
C) Slaves' conditions
Video: trailer "12 years a slave"
I) What type of document is it ? This document is the trailer of the movie « 12years a slave ». II) When and where does the action take place ? What do you know about the context at that time ? The action takes place in New York in 1841 and then in Georgia. At that time, the USA were divided into two groups : the North was against slavery and men were free there, and the South was in favor of it and continued it. III) What's the name of the main character ? What do you know about his former life? The main character is Salomon Northup. He was a famous violinist and a free man who lived in New York with his wife and children. IV) What happened to him that changed his life completely ? He was kidnapped, tortured and sold into slavery in Georgia. V) Describe the conditions he experienced then He was kidnapped, chained, locked in a cell and packed on a ship, sold to slavery and whipped. He had to work very hard and was beaten if his job was not correctly executed
I) Read the whole text II) Find a title for each part. III) Complete with true or false and justify with a sentence from the text: 1) Caribbean slaves endured the worst conditions ever. 2) Slaves could buy a house or their own food if they wanted. 3) If slaves were unhappy with their conditions and protested, they could be beaten. 4) Slaves were often packed in one house. 5) Slaves who worked as servants had worse conditions than those who worked in fields. 6) Masters paid out a lot of money for their slaves. 7) Slaves had very few elements to get dressed. 8) The slaves' timetable was not demanding. 9) Slaves has a lot of hobbies. 10) Most slaves were illiterate.
HOUSING
FOOD
CLOTHING
D) The end of slavery?
Written comprehension: "From slavery to the Civil War"
I) What problems did slavery provoke? > kidnapping / escape of the slaves / debate in the country / Civil War II) How was the country divided ? What were the names of the two parts ? > two groups: Northerners (abolitionists) & Southerners (Confederate) III) How long did the War last ? > around 5 years (1860-1865) IV) When and how did slavery end? Who helped it ? > The War ended in Confederate surrender in 1865, thanks to Abraham Lincoln who abolished slavery V) According to you, did slavery end after this decision ? What happened?
Part 2: Segregation and fights A) Jim Crow Laws
Groupwork : describe and then present your picture to the class
Let's recap: use either “had to” or “weren’t allowed to” / “were forbidden to”. a. Coloured people…………..………………sit at the front of buses. b. Coloured people…………..………………sit in the back of buses. c. Black people……………………....…….go to school with White people. d. Black people………………...………..…live separately from White people. e. Black people……………..……………….sit on different benches in parks.
Oral comprehension: Jim Crow Laws
RECAP:The name comes from a show that put aside/rejected/made fun of/ridiculed the Blacks. They consisted of a set of rules to separate Whites and Blacks because they were concidered as inferior/cursed. For example, Blacks and Whites couldn't eat together. Whites must sit in the front in a bus. Blacks were called by their first names.... These laws violated the Civil Rights and was reinforced by a case called Plessy vs Ferguson (« separate but equal »). It ended thanks to the Civil Rights Movement .
Oral Comprehension
Video 1: Interview with Ruby Bridges 1. In New Orleans, Louisiana, on November 14th 1960, Ruby Bridges was escorted to school. Ruby’s courageous act was the beginning of what period of time in the United States? 2. What did Ruby think was happening when she went to school on the first day? 3. How did she feel? 4. What is “Brown v. Board of Education”? Why is it important? 5. Did “Brown v. Board of Education” make a difference in the southern United States? 6. How many children left school the day that Ruby started?
Describe the following document: The Problem we all Live With, Norman Rockwell
cf fiche méthodologie
Correction of the description & analysis: This painting was created in 1964 by a famous painter called ______________________________. He ___________ his painting "The Problem We all Live with". This work of art represents a __________________________ who is located in the middle of the document. She ________________ a white dress, a white headband, white shoes, and ___________ her school material (a copybook and a ruler) for her first day of class. There’s an opposition/a discrepancy (=décalage) between the color of her skin and the color of her clothes. White may symbolize peace and hope, thus it emphasises on her __________. Four white anonymous Marshals __________________________ her. We can recognize them because they are wearing suits and a yellow _____________. The scene _______________ in the street and behind the characters is a _______. On it, there is a a recently-thrown tomato stain and we can read the ____________/________ "nigger".
entitled/called
Norman Rockwell
little Black girl
is wearing
holding
innocence
are surrounding / escorting
takes place
armband
wall
insult graffiti
Ruby Bridges
This little girl represented on this painting is ______________________. She is very famous because she was ______________________________________________________________ in 1960. At that time, Blacks weren’t on an equal footing with Whites and they still faced _________________ (= ____________) despite the growth of the _________________________ Movement. The Supreme Court had just declared that« separate but equal schools were not constitutional » ("Brown v. Board of Education”) when Ruby was selected to start the desegregation process. ____________, people in the South were not ready to _____________________________. Thus, when Ruby entered her new school, there were so many people ____________ outside that she thought it was ________________. In fact, there were there to show their _______________. ______ kids were even taken out of school that day.
one of the first black child to integrate a White school
mistreatment segregation
Civil Rights
However
accept desegregation
demonstrating
a celebration/a holiday
500
anger / disapproval
Oral Comprehension
Video 2: Ruby Bridges visits President Obama 1. Why is the painting so important in telling Ruby’s story? 2. What does President Obama say about Ruby’s contribution to history? 3. The title of Norman Rockwell’s painting is, “The Problem We All Live With”. Why do you think this is the title?
Depicts history / none of us know anything about disliking one another when we come into the world, it's something that passed on to us / we should never look at a person and judge her by the color of her skin
« if it hadn't been for you, I might not be here »
Groupwork: read your document and complete the grid with the information to learn more about protest against segregation. Then, present it to the class
Who: When: Job: Actions against segregation: Consequences:
Mississippi Burning
Describe the poster of the film.
Study of some scenes
Opening scene
Groupe 2: Focus on the images/colours/shots
Groupe 3: Focus on the script & characters' feelings
Groupe 1: Focus on the sounds
Opening scene
Groupe 2: -drinking fountains > segregation context -burning church (red and orange) > to represent the violence of the action -car chase > shot from a distance (long-shot) then close-up > dark except from the lights of the main car. It is filmed as a landscape > close up on the first car. It allows us to see the character’s reactions and keep the suspense + side with the activists. >close ups on the main characters to show their emotions. -sirens > end of the suspense: policemen -the arrest > focus on the driver and on the policeman : high angle shot > position of strength (white and policeman)>> segregation context -the gun then black screen > focus on the sounds
Groupe 1: -fire > burning church -religous song (Gospel) > locate the movie > Gospel = tradition music sang in fields by slave >> South of America. - grass hoppers > a hot state, at night in the South (in the countryside) -car bump & drum beats > feeling of pressure, surprise, fear, tension, violence - speeches > two of them are scared, the driver sounds reassuring > the policeman is mean, violent and aggressive (sound of the sirens + Southern accent ) gun shots > 4 shots so the three persons are probably dead laughs > happy, mission accomplished.
Groupe 3: -tension / stress / surprised -reassurance -violence / provoking attitude -"They ain't playin'. You better believe it." > used to it / know the danger -"cop" > slang > young men -"Nigger-lovin' Jew-boy" > insult / racism -you even startin' to smell like a nigger > cliché -nigger-Iover > insult -You only left me a nigger, but at least I shot me a nigger.
Mississippi Burning
What is the theme and plot of the movie? Where does it take place? What do you know about this place at that time? Who are the main characters in this scene? And what information do you have on them? What will happen according to you?
Recap: fill in the blanks with the words given in the brackets : A ............ person case : 3 ............from the Civil Rights movement have ............. (activists – missing – disappeared) The 3 Civil Rights boys had come there to ............setting up a ............registration office. Before the Black burnt their ............down. (voter – propose – church – Klan) At around 3 pm, Pell (a policeman) says he ............the three boys for ............. He kept them in ............until 10 p .m, then ............them as far as the county line and ............saw them again. (released – speeding – never – arrested- followed – jail)
Mississippi Burning, extract n°1 bis
, first impression
Mississippi Burning, extract n°1 bis
Look at the entrance panel and describe it. What do you learn about this state with it? What's the reaction of the people when the detectives arrive in town?
Mississippi Pannel : complete the description with the words below When Anderson and Ward enter Jessup, we can see the sign of the city. This sign is rather__________________. It represents a happy____________ who is composed of a white_________________ and their__________________. They____________________ the typical______________________ family where the woman is_____________________ to her husband and it typically represents the white community's________________ of that period. On the sign there is the most well-known_______________ of Mississippi: the magnolia. The state is even nicknamed “The Magnolia State”. patriarchal / daughter / old-fashionned / values / family / symbol / stand for / couple / submitted
Mississippi Burning, extract n°2
Where are they? What's the problem? And their reactions? What do they decide and how do the customers react? Can you guess why? What's the man's reaction? What could happen next?
In this extract, the two FBI agents have just left the_____________ and they think the sheriff and the policemen have _____________ to them about the missing boys. Here, the scene takes place in a restaurant which is________________ among two sections : the Whites and the_________________. When they enter, the_________________ welcomes them and explains that there is no free places left so that they will have to wait a bit before being served. Anderson_____________ but Ward notices some free places in the colored section and goes_______________ them____________________ Anderson who is rather_______________ about the idea. As Ward walks towards the places, the whole White section becomes silent and they all __________________ at him. At that time, the Jim Crow Laws were applied and it was ____________________ for a white person to eat with a black person. Ward_______________ to question his neighbour to get information about his case but the only answer he gets is « I ain't got nothing to say ». The black man____________ watching the rest of the room and repeating his sentence before finally leaving his seat. He seems ____________ and Ward is__________________by this reaction. disappointed / town hall / in spite of / waitress / keeps / intends / lied / reluctant / colored / worried / towards / agrees / inappropriate / divided / stare
Mississippi Burning, extract n°3
Who are the characters? What do they want? Why? What's the boy's reaction? Explain it
Mississippi Burning, extract n°4
Who are the characters? Where are they? What was Anderson's previous job? How is the South described by the two men?
In this scene, in a barber shop, Anderson is talking with the mayor and the sheriff about their case and the Blacks' situation in Mississippi. He mentions the mistreatment they suffer from but the mayor minimizes the situation. Then they talk about baseball and Anderson says "You know...it's the only time when a black man can wave a stick at a white man...and not start a riot." Explain this quotation thanks to the historical context and explain Anderson's aim?
Anderson talks about baseball and uses this quote to shock and make the Mayor react on the treatment of Black persons. Indeed, when Blacks are good in sports, they can play with Whites. Andersons shows that the Whites accept Blacks when they can take advantage of them/are needed. Moreover, baseball is a sport requiring a stick to play. In this context, it is not strange to see a Black with a stick. But otherwise, when a Black is armed and faces a White person, it creates a terrible issue that often leads to riots, conflicts because Blacks are seen as more dangerous/threatening that Whites thus there are more consequences for them. Anderson uses this quote to be thought-provoking (=interpeller) and he does it hiding his true feelings under humor.
Mississippi Burning, extract n°5
What are the feelings of the two investigators? Why? What do they reproach each other? Who is the "chief pointy head"?
Mississippi Burning, extract n°6
First part: Where is it and what's happening? Why?
Mississippi Burning, extract n°6
Part 2 What is happening ? How did people perceive Blacks in the South at that time?
This woman is racist and thinks Blacks are not like them. She is biased (avoir des préjugés) and uses clichés about Blacks. She thinks they are not useful / useless for the population and dead or alive is the same for her, even good. She thinks they deserved this.
The man is not really racist : he is conscious of the mistreatment of Blacks in the past but does not agree with it. He says it will be difficult to accept / integrate / share their lives with Blacks.
Mississippi Burning, extract n°7
First part: Explain what is happening in this scene. Why is the boy under a cardboard box? Second part: Listen and complete the script:
The defendants will rise. In this country a man's home is his __________. That is one of the _____________ by which this community survives. You men have done __________ to that principle. But I want you to know that the court understands... that the crimes you have committed have been, to some extent at least...brought about by... ______________ influences. _______________ have come into Jessup County...and they've been people of ___ _________ ...and _______________. And their presence here has _____________ a lot of people. So the court _______________...without condoning them, mind you that the crimes to which you men have pled ______________ were, to some extent at least, provoked by these outside influences. So, with all this, I'm gonna make your ______________ light. I'm gonna sentence you each to _________________________________________. But I'm gonna ________________ these sentences.
Written comprehension test "Mississippi burning , the truth"
Part 3: What about now? A) A new president and hope
Look at this document. Present it, describe it and explain it.
This document is a cartoon/a drawing from the Washington Post (a famous newspaper in the US) in 2008. On this document, there is MLK. He is thinking about Barack Obama. MLK is doing his famous speech « I have a dream » so this document probably represents 1963. It was still segregation in some states and a few years later, MLK was assassinated. Obama is really important in this document : he is the first black president who was elected in 2009. Thanks to him, racism is less important in the US. Thanks to MLK’s speech and action, there is less racism and no more slavery in the US. Before, there were a lot of racism whereas nowadays it is less present. Maybe the drawer wants people to think that they were wrong to think that blacks were inferior. He wants people to act to change the world but peacefully. Violence is not the answer.
B) Still a fight
Watch the video. Present the document. Explain people's reactions when Barack Obama was elected in 2008.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QIaSieoFgjM
# Black Lives Matter#
I) Look at the document and react. What does it refer to ? II) Read the text and find the following vocabulary : Déception/désillution : Un rêve qui devient réalité : Certainement Cauchemar : Diminuer : Adolescent : Emeutes :Expression : Mode/tendance : Essentiellement : Environ : Détenu : S’attendre à : avoir plus de chance de/plus probable :
III) Present the document IV) What was the impact of Obama’s election in the US according to the text ? V) What can you say about the Blacks’s situation nowadays in the US ? Why ? VI) What about slavery ? Does it still exist ?
John Legend, "Glory" from the movie Selma
Read the lyrics again and answer : 1)What do « us/we/ours » refer to ? And « they » in the first verse ? 2)What kind of protest was it at that time ? Justify by quoting the text (X2)
The pronouns refer to the black community. « They » is used to talk about the Whites in opposition to « us ».
At that time, they opted for a peaceful protest and a collective> «no weapon » « That's why Rosa sat on the bus That's why we walk through Ferguson with our hands up » first verse ; « No one can win the war individually » verse 2
3)Explain those references : « That's why Rosa sat on the bus » « That's why we walk through Ferguson » « Saw the face of Jim Crow » « From dark roads he rose » (who is « he »?)