PASSIVE VOICE/CAUSATIVE PASSIVE

The Passive Voice

The cuckoo finch has practised cheating for centuries.

Same or different?

Cheating has been practised by the cuckoo finch for centuries.

TRANSITIVE VERB

SUBJECT

OBJECT

has practised

cheating.

The cuckoo finch

Cheating

has been practised

by the cuckoo finch.

Verb changes-Rule

active verb

aUXILIARY VERB(S)

MAIN VERB (X-FORM)

passive verb

MAIN VERB PAST PARTICIPLE

aUXILIARY VERB(S) *SAME FORM

TO BE IN X-FORM

*except DON'T/DOESN'T/DID/DIDN'T

EXAMPLES

active verb

MAIN VERB (X-FORM)

aUXILIARY VERB(S)

might have been

blackmailing (=GERUND)

MAIN VERB PAST PARTICIPLE

aUXILIARY VERB(S) *SAME FORM

TO BE IN X-FORM

passive verb

BEING

BLACKMAILED

might have Been

Someone stole James' wallet yesterday.

James' wallet was stolen yesterday.

The photographer took Irene's picture yesterday.

Irene had her picture taken yesterday.

HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE

active SENTENCE

aUXILIARY VERB(S)

MAIN VERB (X-FORM)

passive SENTENCE

MAIN VERB PAST PARTICIPLE

HAVE/GET IN X-FORM

OBJECT

aUXILIARY VERB(S) SAME FORM

SUBJECT (THE ONE RECEIVING A SERVICE/ MISFORTUNE)

Thanks!