Past perfect simple

English grammar 1

EG410

Past perfect simple

Content

signal words

Aim of the lesson

Exercise

usage

Form

homework

Aim of the lesson

Суралцагчид англи хэлний төгс өнгөрсөн цагийн хэлбэр, хэрэглээний талаарх мэдлэгийг гүнзгийрүүлэн эзэмшиж өнгөрсөн тодорхой нэг цаг хугацаа болон үйл явдлаас өмнө болж өнгөрсөн өөр нэг үйл явдлын талаар амаар болон бичгээр өөрийн санаагаа илэрхийлж бусадтай харилцах чадвартай болох

Usage-Хэрэглээ

Action finished before another past action

Actions happened before specific time in the past

cause and effect of an activity in the past

Duration of an action finished before another past action

positive form

Subject + had (Auxiliary Verb) + Main Verb +PPII+ o+p+t ........ Grammar Rules: Auxiliary Verb - the past tense of the verb "have" (had ) is used. Main Verb Regular Verbs - -ed is added to the base form of the verb. Irregular Verbs - use -ed/V3-past participle II, see irregular verb chart. Example: He had lived in New York, before, I moved to Paris. Julie had finished her work, so she went home. The children had finished school, before I came home.

positive form

Subject + had + not + Main Verb+PPII + o+p+t ............Example: I had not lived in New York, before, I moved to Paris. You had not studied enough, so you failed your exam. He had not stopped at the store, before he came home. They hadn't gone home before they finished their work. She hadn't told me about it before she came.

positive form

(Wh)+ Had + subject + main verb +PPII+ o+p+t ............?Example:

• Had ​ you ​written ​down the homework when the teacher asked you? ​
• Had ​she ​come ​to visit us before the snowstorm? ​
• Had ​they ​understood ​the questions when the teacher read them?
• Why had you eaten dinner before we arrived at the event?
• How had you travelled when you were in Vietnam?
• Who had they brought here before my parents arrived?
• Where had she taken the dogs when her parents called?

signal words

There are no signal words solely for the Past Perfect Simple, but we often use the Past Perfect Simple together with Past Simple. Watch out when two actions in the past are combined. by The following words/phrases can indicate that Past Perfect Simple could be used: already before for just never not yet once until that day when

Exercise

Make the positive or negative past perfect simple 1) When I arrived at the cinema, the film ...............................................(start). 2) She .................................................... (live) in China before she went to Thailand. 3) After they ....................................................... (eat) the shellfish, they began to feel sick. 4) If you ................................................... (listen) to me, you would have got the job. 5) Julie didn't arrive until after I .................................................... (leave). 6) When we ................................................................. (finish) dinner, we went out. 7) The garden was dead because it ............................................... (be) dry all summer. 8) He ....................................... (meet) her somewhere before. 9) We were late for the plane because we ......................................... (forget) our passports. 10) She told me she ...................................................... (study) a lot before the exam.

exercise

II. Make the past perfect simple - 'wh' or 'yes/no' questions ................................................... (you/go) there before we went together? 2) .............................................................. (she/see) the film already? 3) Why ...................................................... (he/forget) about the meeting? 4) ................................................. (it/be) cold all week? 5) ............................................................... (I/read) the book before the class? 6) When she arrived ............................................... (we/eat) already? 7) Where ................................................... (you/be) when I saw you? 8) ........................................................... (they/travel) by bullet train before? 9) ............................................................... (John/meet) Lucy before they worked together? 10) .................................................................(you/do) your homework before I saw you? 11) Where ........................................................... (she/work)? 12) .............................................................. (I/pay) the bill before we left? 13) ............................................................... (we/visit) my parents already that winter? 14) When you called, ................................................. (they/eat) dinner? 15) How ........................................................... (he/manage) to fix the cooker?

Homework

1. Make your own 3 sentences for each use. 2. Put in the words in brackets into the gaps. Use verbs in the Past Perfect.1.When I arrived at the cafe, Susan .......................................a cake. (already/to eat)2.I noticed that Petra ......................................... the car. (not/to wash) 3.Before Sean left for school, he ................................. a talk with his father. (to have) 4.She asked me if I ....................................... for the exam. (to study) 5.There were no wine left when I arrived. The guests ......................... everything. (to drink) 6.It ....................................... for three months, so the land was very dry. (not/to rain) 7.I did not bring a gift to the party because I ................................ flowers the day before. (to send 8.Jake ..................................... in a plane before our holiday. (never/to be) 9.Mum told me that you ............................................. your room. (not/to clean) 10. ..................................................... his dog before he left for school? (John/to feed)

Key

1. When I arrived at the cafe, Susan had already eaten a cake. 2. I noticed that Petra had not washed the car. 3. Before Sean left for school, he had had a talk with his father. 4. She asked me if I had studied for the exam. 5. There were no wine left when I arrived. The guests had drunk everything. 6. It had not rained for three months, so the land was very dry. 7. I did not bring a gift to the party because I had sent flowers the day before. 8. Jake had never been in a plane before our holiday 9. Mum told me that you had not cleaned your room. 10. Had John fed his dog before he left for school?