"Techniques and Method´s of translation"

Metodología de la traducción

"Techniques and Method´s of translation"

Team: Chab Chim Andrea Solis Tilán Sydney Uc Yah Yessica

Characteristics

Examples

Technique

• Taking of words directly from one language into another without translation.
• Often printed in italics when they are considered to be "foreign".
• It´s the idea of taking the word from the source language (SL) and maintaining it in the target language (TL).

• Barbecue ( España)
• Justice (Francia)

Borrowing

• Often see them in specialized or internationalized fields such as quality assurance.
• Relate to specific vocations or subjects such as science and law.
• An unsuccessful calque can be extremely unnatural, and can cause unwanted humor.

• Skyscraper = rascacielos
• Electronic email = correo electrónico

Calque

• A word-for-word translation can be used in some languages and not others dependent on the sentence structure
• Does not mean that all sentences can be translated literally.
• It expands the scope of a calque but in a much more acceptable way.

• Medical dental insurance benefits : Beneficios de seguros médicos y dentales.
• H e wants this contract translated word by word : Él quiere este contrato traducido palabra por palabra.

Literal translation

Characteristics

Technique

Examples

• To change their sequence when they are translated.
• Often used between English and Spanish because of the preferred position of the verb in the sentence.
• Grammatical structures are often different in different languages.

• El carro rojo = the red car
• There´s a reason for life = Hay una razón para la vida, the correct translations: Hay una razón para vivir

Transposition

• The translator generates a change in the point of view of the message without altering meaning and without generating a sense of awkwardness in the reader of the target text.
• Modulation refers to rendering the TT from a different point of view to that of the ST.
• Modulation consists of using a phrase that is different in the source and target languages to convey the same idea.

• "It is not difficult to show" is not translated into the literal ‘No es difícil de demostrar´, even though it is grammatically correct, but into the modulated "Es fácil de demostrar".
• Remember - (if it fits the context better) (Back translation - remember; do not forget)

Modulation

• Here you have to express something in a completely different way, for example when translating dioms or advertising slogans.
• The process is creative, but not always easy.
• The idea of equivalence can be simultaneously simple and complex in Translation Studies.

• The movie The Sound of Music into Spanish as La novicia rebelde (The Rebellious Novice in Latin America) or Sonrisas y lágrimas (Smiles and Tears in Spain).
• Yours faithfully: Le saluda atentamente.”

Equivalence

Examples

Technique

Characteristics

• Adaptation occurs when something specific to one language culture is expressed in a totally different way that is familiar or appropriate to another language culture.
• It is a shift in cultural environment.
• Should pincho (a Spanish restaurant menu dish) be translated as kebab in English?

• A good example would be paraphrasing expressions in English deriving from cricket, such as ‘being on a sticky wicket’, "Haber tenido una buena entrada" o "jugar a los bolos").
• The sound of music (Back translation: sonrisas y lágrimas)

Adaptation

• In general terms compensation, can be used when something cannot be translated, and the meaning that is lost is expressed somewhere else in the translated text.
• Peter Fawcett defines it as: "...making good in one part of the text something that could not be translated in another".

• Spanish informal tú and formal usted, French tu and vous, and German du and sie into English which only has "you".
• Te quiero “I love you”

Compensation

Technique

Characteristics

Examples

• Attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the target language grammatical structures.
• It 'transfers' cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical 'abnormality' (deviation from the source language norms) in the translation.
• It attempts to be completely faithful to the intentions and the text realization of the source language writer.

Faithul translation

• It’s raining cat and dogs: Está cayendo cantaros de agua.
• Stop, I have a gun: Détente, dispararé.

• Semantic translation differs form 'faithful translation' only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value of the source language text.
• It may translate less important cultural words by culturally neutral third or functional terms but not by cultural equivalents.
• It may make other small concessions to the readership.

Semantic translation

• Fashion week: Semana de la moda.
• Bullying: Acoso/intimación.

Technique

Characteristics

Examples

• Produces the matter without the manner, or the content without the form of the original.
• Usually it is a paraphrase much longer than the original.
• Also called 'intralingual translation', often prolix and pretentious, and not translation at all.

Free translation

• Like father, like son: De tal palo tal astilla.
• It’s not diffcicult: Es fácil.

Idiomatic translation

• "Let´s cut the chase": Vayamos al punto.
• "I feel sick as a dog": Me siento fatal

• Reproduces the 'message' of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms.

• Attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the reader.

Communicative translation

• Be aware of the dog: Cuidado con el perro.
• How are you? : ¿Qué tal?