IPA 24 CONSONANTS.

The Consonant Magazine

By team C2.

THE CONSONANT MAGAZINE

/p/

Image:

This sound is made by the shape of your lips and the motion of airflow through your mouth by building up air pressure by stopping air flow and then releasing it. In this case you use both your lips to create the stop and then release it.

Classification:

Voiceless.

Voicing:

POA:

Bilabial.

MOA:

Stop/Plosive.

Examples:

At the beginning:

program, provide, potato, point.

happen, people, important, appear.

In the middle:

help, keep, group, up.

At the end:

/b/

Image:

This sound is made by the shape of the lower and upper lips and the motion of airflow through your mouth and it is a stop sound, which is a sound made by building up air pressure by stopping air flow and then releasing it.

classification:

Voicing:

Voiced.

POA:

Bilabial.

Stop/Plosive.

MOA:

examples:

At the beginning:

between, before, black, beast.

problem, number, public, maybe.

In the middle:

tube, describe, absorb, suburb.

At the end:

/t/

Image:

This occurs when the tip of the tongue approaches or touches the alveolar ridge, behind the upper teeth which this sound is made by building up air pressure by stopping air flow and then releasing it. In this case you stop the airflow with the tongue against the area behind the upper teeth.

Classification:

Voiceless.

Voicing:

Alveolar.

POA:

Stop/Plosive.

MOA:

Examples:

At the beginning:

tell, try, talk, top, time

In the middle:

twitter, start, study, control

against, tight, night, thought

At the end:

/d/

Image:

This sound occurs when the tip of the tongue approaches or touches the alveolar ridge, right behind the upper teeth by building up air pressure and stopping air flow and then releasing it.

Classification:

Voicing:

Voiced.

Alveolar.

POA:

Stop/plosive.

MOA:

EXAMPLES:

At the beginning:

director, data, derive, develop.

In the middle:

idea, understand, already, education.

decide, kind, word, friend.

At the end:

/k/

Image:

This sound is made when the tongue approaches or touches the soft palate or velum. To produce this sound is by pushing the tongue forward so the middle curls up and touches the top of your mouth and blocks air flow, at the same time create some air pressure by gently trying to breathe out.

Classification:

Voicing:

Voiceless.

Velar.

POA:

Stop/plosives.

MOA:

EXAMPLES:

aT THE BEGINNING:

come, card, cap, call.

become, school, box, socks.

In the middle:

make, think, take, like.

At the end:

/g/

Image:

The /g/ sound is made through the mouth and it is voiced which means that you use your vocal chords to make the sound. It is defined by position of your tongue and it is a stop sound, which is a sound made by building up air pressure by stopping air flow and then releasing it.

classification:

Voiced.

Voicing:

Poa:

Velar.

moa:

Stop/plosive.

examples:

At the beginning:

group, government, game, grow, gap.

in the middle:

ago, agree, figure, organization.

leg, bug, egg, big.

At the end:

/f/

Image:

The /f/ sound is made when the lower lip approaches or touches the upper teeth, which is a sound that is produced by high pressure air flow between a narrow space in the mouth.

Classification:

Voicing:

Voiceless.

Labiodental.

POA:

Fricatives.

MOA:

EXAMPLES:

At the beginning:

family, fact, friend, follow.

In the middle:

before, different, information, office.

At the end:

off, self, tough, staff.

/v/

Image:

The /v/ sound is made when the lower lip approaches or touches the upper teeth by pressuring air flow between a narrow space in the mouth.

CLassification:

voicing:

Voiced.

Labiodental.

poa:

Fricative.

moa:

examples:

at the beginning:

view, value, visit, various.

In the middle:

never, provide, however, level.

love, never, give, live.

At the end:

/s/

Image:

This consonant is produced by placing the front part of the tongue in the back of the lower teeth and the passage is so narrow that the air passes through it with audible friction.

classification:

Voicing:

Voiceless.

Alveolar.

POA:

Fricatives.

MOA:

EXAMPLES:

at the beginning:

some, school, state, still.

In the middle:

just, first, also, last.

this, us, place, case.

At the end:

/z/

Image:

This consonant is produced by placing the front part of the tongue in the back of the lower teeth and the passage is so narrow that the air passes through it with audible friction.

classification:

Voiced.

Voicing:

Alveolar.

POA:

Fricatives.

MOA:

examples:

At the beginning:

zoo, zone, zip.

business, president, result, reason.

In the middle:

use, those, size, lose.

At the end:

/ʃ/

Image:

This sound is made by directing the airflow through a narrow channel formed along the middle of the tongue.

classification:

voicing:

Voiceless.

Postalveolar.

poa:

Fricatives.

moa:

examples:

At the beginning:

sure, shoulder, shot, shake.

In the middle:

information, social, education, nation.

finish, wish, push.

At the end:

/ʒ/

Image:

This sound is made by directing the airflow through a narrow channel formed along the middle of the tongue.

classification:

Voiced.

Voicing:

Postalveolar.

poa:

Fricatives.

Moa:

examples:

At the beginning:

casual, visual, usual.

conclusion, pleasure, Asia, luxury, vision.

In the middle:

beige, collage, garage, mirage, sabotage.

At the end: "the soft g"

/ʧ/

Image:

This sound is made by closing the airflow but then opening it and forcing the airflow through a narrow space.

classification:

Voiceless.

voicing:

Postalveolar.

poa:

Affricates.

moa:

Examples:

At the beginning:

check, charge, challenge, chat.

future, nature, kitchen, structure.

In the middle:

research, teach, approach, rich.

At the end:

/ʤ/

Image:

This sound is made by closing the airflow but then opening it and forcing the airflow through a narrow space. Also, the tip of your tongue creates the narrow space between it and the ridge behind the teeth.

classification:

Voicing:

Voiced.

Postalveolar.

Poa:

Affricates.

Moa:

EXAMPLES:

At the beginning:

general, judge, joy, jealous.

IN the middle:

major, energy, subject, management.

large, message, knowledge, huge.

At the end:

/θ/

Image:

This occurs when the tip or the blade of the tongue approaches or touches the upper teeth, which this sound is produced by high pressure air flow between a narrow space in the mouth.

classification:

Voiceless.

Voicing:

Dental.

POA:

Fricatives.

MOA:

examples:

At the beginning:

thank, third, thousand, throw,

in the middle:

nothing, anything, author, method.

health, north, truth, month.

at the end:

/ð /

Image:

This happens when the tip or the blade of the tongue approaches or touches the upper teeth, which this sound is produced by high pressure of air flow between a narrow space in the mouth.

classification:

Voicing:

Voiced.

Dental.

Poa:

Fricatives.

moa:

Examples:

At the beginning:

they, though, those, then.

In the middle:

other, although, brother, southern.

with, smooth, booth.

At the end:

/l/

Image:

To produce the /l/ sound just press the tip of your tongue against the back of your upper teeth and voice it out through your mouth.

classification:

voicing:

Voiced.

Alveolar lateral approximant.

poa:

Liquids.

moa:

examples:

at the beginning:

last, leave, later, laugh.

in the middle:

child, problem, always, black.

people, little, national, control.

At the end:

/m/

Image:

This sound is defined by the motion of your lips, and is made with the airflow through your mouth completely blocked. To produce the /m/ sound, close your lips and voice out through your nose.

classification:

voicing:

Voiced.

Bilabial nasal.

poa:

Nasal.

moa:

examples:

At the beginning:

may, million, mother, meet.

IN THE MIDDLE:

family, woman, American, company.

from, time, them, come.

AT THE END:

/n/

Image:

To produce the /n/ sound, place your tongue against the ridge just behind of your upper teeth so that your mouth is completely blocked and voice out through your nose.

classification:

voicing:

Voiced.

Alveolar nasal.

poa:

Nasals.

moa:

examples:

At the beginnig:

know, now, need, number.

In the middle:

many, find, into, another.

can, between, woman, own.

At the end:

/ŋ/

Image:

To produce the /ŋ/ sound, curl the back of your tongue up against the back of your mouth so that it completely blocks your throat then voice out through your nose. The front of your tongue just hangs forward.

classification:

Voicing:

Voiced.

Velar.

POA:

Nasal.

MOA:

examples:

At the beginning:

words never begin with the /ŋ/.

In the middle:

feeling, building, working, interesting.

thankful, finger, stronger, thinking.

At the end:

/h/

Image:

The /h/ sound doesn’t have a specific mouth shape as it normally takes the shape from the following sounds. To produce the /h/ sound, constrict your throat and breathe out through your mouth.

ClASSIFICATION:

Voiceless.

Voicing:

Glotal.

POA:

Fricatives.

MOA:

Examples:

At the beginning:

how, human, happen, help, whole, who, whom.

In the middle:

behind, perhaps, behavior, ahead.

words don’t normally end with /h/.

At the end:

/r/

Image:

To produce the /r/ sound, curl your tongue near the roof of your mouth and voice out through your mouth.

classification:

Voiced.

Voicing:

Alveolar.

poa:

Liquids.

moa:

examples:

AT THE BEGINNING:

really, right, run, result, rat, rice, ride.

IN THE MIDDLE:

carry, very, three, program, parent.

In English, words do not normally end with the /r/.

AT THE END:

/j/

Image:

To produce the /j/ sound, raise the sides of your tongue to the roof of your mouth and voice out through your mouth while lowering the back of your tongue.

classification:

Voiced.

Voicing:

Palatal.

poa:

Glide.

moa:

Examples:

At the beginning:

yes, unit, yard, young, during.

community, billion, beyond, beautiful, computer.

In the middle:

At the end:

English words don’t normally end with the /j/ sound.

/w/

Image:

To produce the /w/ sound, purse your lips and raise the back of your tongue a bit near the roof of your mouth and voice out.

classification:

Voicing:

Voiced.

Bilabial.

poa:

Glide.

moa:

examples:

at the beginning:

we, world, weird, whether, wait.

In the middle:

away, towards, someone, require.

English words don’t normally end with the /w/ sound, at least when they are written with the phonetic symbols.

at the end:

THANKS!