timeline Chemestry

Timeline: History of Chemistry

PREHISTORIC TIMES: TO THE BEGINNING OF CHRISTIAN ERA "BLACK MAGIC"

444–443 BC

440 BC

1530

350 BC

1700 BC

Democritus

Aristotle

Paracelsus

King Hammurabi

Empedocles

Democritus proclaims the atom to be the simplest unit of matter

Describes theory of the Five Elements, fire, water, earth, air and aether.But it is a balance between these qualities which creates the different atoms of stone or wood, bone or flesh.

He also certain materials value than otherss depending on the potential of the material.

one of the most important of the philosophers working before Socrates.To him is attributed the invention of the four-element theory of matter

Paracelsus develops the study of iatrochemistry.Iatrochemistry is a branch of both chemistry andmedicine. Its most notable leader was Paracelsus.

Paola Ramírez González, Said Salinas, Eric Martinez.

BEGINNING OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA - END OF 17th CENTURY "ALCHEMY"

13TH TO 15TH CENTURIES

300 BC -300 AD

....

THE ADVENT OF THE ALCHEMISTS

13th to 15th Centuries

The Elixir of LIFE

Pope John XXII sign agains the gold marking. The transmutation of cheap metals to gold never happened in this time period.

Alchemists tried to convert cheap metals to gold.The substance was called the Philosopher's Stone.

Is a potion that supposedly grants the drinker eternal life and cure all diseases.

17th & 18th CENTURIES

1743-1794

1661

1787

1766-1844

1797

Founders of Modern Chemistry

Robert Boyle

Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (the father of Chemistry)

Jacques Charles

Joseph Proust

Jöns Jacob Berzelius, was a Swedish chemist.He began his researches in organic chemistry. He discovered new elemets. (1829)John Dalton, his most influential work in chemistry was his atomic theory. His theory consist in four rules. (1766-1844)

He publishes The Sceptical Chymist.It contains some of the earliest modern ideas of atoms, molecules.

His theory describes the relationship between temperature and volume of a gas.He was the first to ascend in a hydrogen balloon.

He proposes the law of definite proportions.This consist that elements always combine in small whole number proportions to form compounds.

Is the author of the oxygen theory of combustion.Is father of the science of chemistry.

19th CENTURY (TRADITIONAL CHEMISTRY)

1716

1869

1897

Dmitri Mendeleev

J.J. Thomson

Georg Stahl

Phlogiston Theory.He developed the phlogiston theory of combustion. He said, were rich in phlogiston, and during combustion is lost.

Discovery of the Electron. He determined that all matter is made up of particles smaller than atoms. He conclude that all atoms are made of a nucleus and electrons.

First Modern Periodic Table.He publishes the first modern periodic table.He predicted the existence and properties of new chemical elements.

20th CENTURY CHEMISTRY

1913

1879

1895

1885

1854

1909

Robert Millikan

Niels Bohr

Heinrich Geissler

William Crookes

Eugen Goldstein

Wilhelm Roentgen

The Proton.He observed rays travelling from cathode to anode, and also noticed waves travelling in the opposite direction. He was one of the first to observe the proton.

Mercury Vacuum Pump.His invention led to high quality vacuum tubes, which also led to the invention of the transistor.

X-Rays.It consisted in the passage of electric current through gases at very low pressure.

Mass of the Electron.His discover was the charge carried by an electron. Using the "falling-drop method"; he proved that this quantity was a constant for all electrons, demonstrating the atomic structure of electricity.

Cathode Ray.He created a glass vacuum tube that had zinc sulfide inside at one end, a metal cathode on the other side and a metal anode in the center.

Atomic Model.The model consisted of a nucleus with neutrons and and protons. And where electrons exist only in strictly defined orbitals.

20th CENTURY CHEMISTRY

1911

1932

1914

Ernest Rutherford

Henry Moseley

James Chadwick

Proton within a Nucleus.He used self-built equipment to prove that every element is determined by the number of protons it has. His discovery enabled him to predict four new elements, all of were found.

The Three Types of Radioactivity. He discovered alpha and beta rays. He postulated the nuclear structure of the atom.

The Neutron.It was clear why atoms appeared to be neutral as the negative charge of the electron and the positive charge of the proton cancelled out.