Punctuation: Knowledge Organiser

Punctuation

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1. Starting and ending sentences

2. Commas

3. Brackets

4. Dashes

5. Apostrophes

6. Hyphens

7. Speech

8. Colons

9. Semi-colons

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Starting and ending sentences

Sentences need to start with a capital letter. They need to end with a punctuation mark, such as a full stop, a question mark or an exclamation mark.

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Commas

Commas are a punctuation mark used to:- separate items in a list. - indicate parenthesis within a sentence. - separate direct speech from a reporting clause. - avoid ambiguity. - separate main and subordinate clauses.

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Brackets

()

Brackets are use to show extra information or to clarify a point. Example: - I miss seeing Tom (my best friend) at the weekend.

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Dashes

Dashes are used instead of brackers.They can be used to... - insert a break in a sentence to replace brackets, a colon or a semi-colon. - extend a sentence. - to show additional information. Remember: Dashes and hyphens may look similiar by they are different.

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Apostrophes

Apostrophes can be used to show...- Possession - this tells us that something belongs to someone, such as... that is Ben's football. If the word is plural then you add the apostrophe after the s, such as... the princess' castle. - Contraction - this puts two words together and misses out some lessons, such as... it's, wasn't, haven't.

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Hyphens

Hyphens are shorter than dashes and link two words so the word or phrase makes sense. Click 'learn more' in the top corner to watch a video about hyphens. Remember: Hyphens and dashes may look similar but they have different uses.

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Speech

""

There are two types of speech...- Direct speech - a sentence where the exact words spoken are shown in speech marks. For example: "I am going to the beach", said Tom. - Indirect speech - a sentence where the general points of what someone has said are reported, without writing the full speech. You do not use speech marks for these sentences. For example: She told her friend to go home.

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Colons

A colon is used to...- introduce a list - such as, I am going to the shop to buy: bread, milk, juice, and eggs. - separate two independent but linked clauses - such as, all the teachers agreed: the children were going to Wales.

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Semi-colons

()

A semi-colon is used to separate two main clauses that are closely related. Example: It was raining; the sun was shining.