KS3 Equations and Formulas
All the equations and formulas you should know by the end of Y9.
START
Pick Your Science
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
SECTION 01
Biology
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Daily Basic Energy Requirement
Muscles: Moments and Forces
Photosynthesis
Return
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen > Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy Glucose > Carbon + Ethanol + Energy Glucose > Lactic Acid + Energy
Aerobic
Anaerobic in Microorganisms
Anaerobic in Humans
Return
Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide + Water > Glucose + Oxygen Using the energy from the sunlight Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, using a green chemical called chlorophyll.
Return
Daily Basic Energy Requirement
Daily BER (kJ/day) = 5.4 (kJ) x 24 (hours) x body mass (kg) 5.4 kJ - for every kilogram of body mass, you need 5.4kJ of energy per hour
Return
Muscles: Moments and Forces
In Biology, moments are used to calculate the forces that can be made at the joints (e.g. how hard you can throw).
Moment = force x perpendicular distance Nm N x m Let's rearrange this: - Force = ? - Perpendicular distance = ?
Nm
N x m
SECTION 02
Chemistry
Neutralisation
Combustion
Acid and Metal
Rusting (Oxidation)
Acid and Metal Oxide
Naming Compounds: -ides and -ates
Alkali and non-metal oxide
Return
Combustion and Oxidation
Combustion: Hydrocarbon + Oxygen > Carbon Dioxide + Water Combustion reactions produce energy in the form of heat and light Oxidation: When a substance reacts and combines with oxygen Iron + Oxygen > Iron Oxide (Rust) Metal + Oxygen > Metal Oxide 2Fe + O2 > 2FeO
Return
Naming Compounds
Rule 1: When two different elements combine the ending is usually "something - ide" NaCl - Sodium Chlorine - Sodium Chloride MgO - Magnesium Oxygen - Magnesium Oxide Rule 2: When three or more different elements combine - and one of them is oxygen - the ending will usually be "something - ate" CuSO4 - Copper Sodium Oxygen - Copper Sulfate CaCO3 - Calcium Carbon Oxygen - Calcium Carbonate
Return
Neutralisation
Acid + Alkali > Salt + Water Example: Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide > Sodium Chloride + Water HCl + NaOH > NaCl + H2O Sulfuric Acid + Lithium Hydroxide > Lithium sulfate + water 2(H2SO4) + 4(LiOH) > 2(Li2SO4) + 4(H2O) Hydrochloric acid + Potassium Hydroxide > Potassium Chloride + Water HCl + KOH > KCl + H2O balanced Nitric Acid + Lithium Hydroxide > Lithium Nitrate + Water HNO3 + LiOH > LiNO3 + H2O balanced
Return
Acids and Metals
Metal + Acid > Salt + Hydrogen Zinc + Sulfuric Acid > Zinc Sulfate + Hydrogen Zn + H2SO4 > ZnSO4 + H2 Sodium + Hydrochloric Acid > Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen 2Na + 2HCl > 2NaCl + H2 Iron + nitric acid > Iron Nitrate + hydrogen Fe + 2HNO3 > Fe(NO3)2 + H2
Return
Acids and Metal Oxides
Acid + Metal Oxide > Salt + Water Hydrochloric Acid + Copper Oxide > Copper Chloride + Water 2HCl + CuO > CuCl2 + H2O Nitric Acid + Magnesium Oxide > Magnesium Nitrate + Water 2HNO3 + MgO > Mg(NO3)2 + H2O Sulfuric Acid + Zinc Oxide > Zinc Sulfate + Water H2SO4 + ZnO > ZnSO4 +H2O
Return
Alkali and Non-Metal Oxides
Alkali + Non-Metal Oxide > Salt + Water Sodium Hydroxide + Silicon Dioxide > Sodium Silicate + Water 2NaOH + SiO2 > Na2SiO3 + H2O
SECTION 03
Physics
Energy Transferred
Moment
Total Energy Input
Pressure
Resistance
Cost of Electricity
Weight
Speed
Return
Energy Transferred
Energy Transferred = Force x Distance J = N x m (Joules = Newtons x metres) Energy Transferred = Power x Time J = W x s (Joules = Watts x seconds) kWh = kW x h (Kilowatt Hours = Kilowatts x hours)
Return
Total Energy Input
Total Energy Input = The Useful Energy + The Wasted Energy This is an energy equation so the units will all Joules
Return
Cost of Electricity
Cost = Energy transferred (kWh) x Price per kWh Worked Example Electricity costs 16p per kWh. At the start of last month, Jo's electricity meter reading was 42729.66 kWh. At the end of the month it was 43044.91 kWh. Calculate the cost of her electricity bill last month. 1. Energy Transferred: 43044.91 - 42729.66 = 315.25 kWh 2. Cost in pence: 315.25 kWh x 16p = 5044p 3. Cost in pounds: 5044 / 100 = £50.44
Return
Speed
Speed is Distance over Time Written as an equation: Speed = Distance / Time There are a few sets of units that can be used for speed: Metres per second Miles per hour Kilometers per hour in the equation.... mps = m/s mph = m/h kmph = km/h
m/s x s
The equation is another example of a triangle we can rearrange.
Return
Moment
We saw the equation for a moment when talking about muscles in Biology. It is also important in Physics. A moment is simply when a force acts upon something that has a pivot and the distance is from the pivot point to the end of the lever. Moment = Force x Distance Newton metres = Newtons x Metres Nm = N x m
Nm
N x m
Return
Pressure
Pressure = Force / Area Pressure is measured in Newtons per metre2 or pascals where 1 pascal = 1 N/m2
The equation is another example of a triangle we can rearrange.
Pa x m2
Return
Resistance
In the topic of Electricity we come across resistance and resistant materials. Resistance = Potential Difference / Current Ohms = Volts/Amps Ω = V/A
The equation is another example of a triangle we can rearrange.
Ω x A
Return
Weight
Weight = Mass x Gravitational Field Strength Newtons = Kilograms x Newtons/Kilogram N = kg x N/kg
The equation is another example of a triangle we can rearrange.
N/kg x kg
KS3 Equations and Formulas
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Transcript
KS3 Equations and Formulas
All the equations and formulas you should know by the end of Y9.
START
Pick Your Science
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
SECTION 01
Biology
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Daily Basic Energy Requirement
Muscles: Moments and Forces
Photosynthesis
Return
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen > Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy Glucose > Carbon + Ethanol + Energy Glucose > Lactic Acid + Energy
Aerobic
Anaerobic in Microorganisms
Anaerobic in Humans
Return
Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide + Water > Glucose + Oxygen Using the energy from the sunlight Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, using a green chemical called chlorophyll.
Return
Daily Basic Energy Requirement
Daily BER (kJ/day) = 5.4 (kJ) x 24 (hours) x body mass (kg) 5.4 kJ - for every kilogram of body mass, you need 5.4kJ of energy per hour
Return
Muscles: Moments and Forces
In Biology, moments are used to calculate the forces that can be made at the joints (e.g. how hard you can throw).
Moment = force x perpendicular distance Nm N x m Let's rearrange this: - Force = ? - Perpendicular distance = ?
Nm
N x m
SECTION 02
Chemistry
Neutralisation
Combustion
Acid and Metal
Rusting (Oxidation)
Acid and Metal Oxide
Naming Compounds: -ides and -ates
Alkali and non-metal oxide
Return
Combustion and Oxidation
Combustion: Hydrocarbon + Oxygen > Carbon Dioxide + Water Combustion reactions produce energy in the form of heat and light Oxidation: When a substance reacts and combines with oxygen Iron + Oxygen > Iron Oxide (Rust) Metal + Oxygen > Metal Oxide 2Fe + O2 > 2FeO
Return
Naming Compounds
Rule 1: When two different elements combine the ending is usually "something - ide" NaCl - Sodium Chlorine - Sodium Chloride MgO - Magnesium Oxygen - Magnesium Oxide Rule 2: When three or more different elements combine - and one of them is oxygen - the ending will usually be "something - ate" CuSO4 - Copper Sodium Oxygen - Copper Sulfate CaCO3 - Calcium Carbon Oxygen - Calcium Carbonate
Return
Neutralisation
Acid + Alkali > Salt + Water Example: Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide > Sodium Chloride + Water HCl + NaOH > NaCl + H2O Sulfuric Acid + Lithium Hydroxide > Lithium sulfate + water 2(H2SO4) + 4(LiOH) > 2(Li2SO4) + 4(H2O) Hydrochloric acid + Potassium Hydroxide > Potassium Chloride + Water HCl + KOH > KCl + H2O balanced Nitric Acid + Lithium Hydroxide > Lithium Nitrate + Water HNO3 + LiOH > LiNO3 + H2O balanced
Return
Acids and Metals
Metal + Acid > Salt + Hydrogen Zinc + Sulfuric Acid > Zinc Sulfate + Hydrogen Zn + H2SO4 > ZnSO4 + H2 Sodium + Hydrochloric Acid > Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen 2Na + 2HCl > 2NaCl + H2 Iron + nitric acid > Iron Nitrate + hydrogen Fe + 2HNO3 > Fe(NO3)2 + H2
Return
Acids and Metal Oxides
Acid + Metal Oxide > Salt + Water Hydrochloric Acid + Copper Oxide > Copper Chloride + Water 2HCl + CuO > CuCl2 + H2O Nitric Acid + Magnesium Oxide > Magnesium Nitrate + Water 2HNO3 + MgO > Mg(NO3)2 + H2O Sulfuric Acid + Zinc Oxide > Zinc Sulfate + Water H2SO4 + ZnO > ZnSO4 +H2O
Return
Alkali and Non-Metal Oxides
Alkali + Non-Metal Oxide > Salt + Water Sodium Hydroxide + Silicon Dioxide > Sodium Silicate + Water 2NaOH + SiO2 > Na2SiO3 + H2O
SECTION 03
Physics
Energy Transferred
Moment
Total Energy Input
Pressure
Resistance
Cost of Electricity
Weight
Speed
Return
Energy Transferred
Energy Transferred = Force x Distance J = N x m (Joules = Newtons x metres) Energy Transferred = Power x Time J = W x s (Joules = Watts x seconds) kWh = kW x h (Kilowatt Hours = Kilowatts x hours)
Return
Total Energy Input
Total Energy Input = The Useful Energy + The Wasted Energy This is an energy equation so the units will all Joules
Return
Cost of Electricity
Cost = Energy transferred (kWh) x Price per kWh Worked Example Electricity costs 16p per kWh. At the start of last month, Jo's electricity meter reading was 42729.66 kWh. At the end of the month it was 43044.91 kWh. Calculate the cost of her electricity bill last month. 1. Energy Transferred: 43044.91 - 42729.66 = 315.25 kWh 2. Cost in pence: 315.25 kWh x 16p = 5044p 3. Cost in pounds: 5044 / 100 = £50.44
Return
Speed
Speed is Distance over Time Written as an equation: Speed = Distance / Time There are a few sets of units that can be used for speed: Metres per second Miles per hour Kilometers per hour in the equation.... mps = m/s mph = m/h kmph = km/h
m/s x s
The equation is another example of a triangle we can rearrange.
Return
Moment
We saw the equation for a moment when talking about muscles in Biology. It is also important in Physics. A moment is simply when a force acts upon something that has a pivot and the distance is from the pivot point to the end of the lever. Moment = Force x Distance Newton metres = Newtons x Metres Nm = N x m
Nm
N x m
Return
Pressure
Pressure = Force / Area Pressure is measured in Newtons per metre2 or pascals where 1 pascal = 1 N/m2
The equation is another example of a triangle we can rearrange.
Pa x m2
Return
Resistance
In the topic of Electricity we come across resistance and resistant materials. Resistance = Potential Difference / Current Ohms = Volts/Amps Ω = V/A
The equation is another example of a triangle we can rearrange.
Ω x A
Return
Weight
Weight = Mass x Gravitational Field Strength Newtons = Kilograms x Newtons/Kilogram N = kg x N/kg
The equation is another example of a triangle we can rearrange.
N/kg x kg