III.1 - Zmiana roli sektorów gospodarki - kl.2PR LO

CHANGING THE ROLE OF ECONOMY SECTORS

ECONOMY

services

industry

agriculture

• an activity connected with providing services to other people and meeting their needs (not producing anything)

• plant cultivation,
• livestock farming,
• forestry (leśnictwo),
• fishery (rybactwo)

• exploitation of natural resources - MINING INDUSTRY (przemysł wydobywczy),
• processing of raw materials into consumer goods (used by humans) and production goods (used by enterprises) - PROCESSING INDUSTRY (przemysł przetwórczy)
• energy production

functions of economic sectors

FUKCJE SEKTORÓW GOSPODARKI

All sectors of economy fulfill the ECONOMIC, SOCIAL and SPATIAL functions. However, they implement them in different ways. They transform the environment in different ways, influence the employment structure and people's standard of living.

FUNCTIONS OF ECONOMIC SECTORS

SPACIAL

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

• transforming the natural environment
• change of land development

transforming the natural environment change of land development

• creating workplaces
• shaping the professional structure of the population
• impact on the standard of living of the population

HOW HAS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ECONOMIC SECTORS CHANGED WITH CIVILIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT?

With the development of civilization, the share of agriculture in the economy decreases, and the importance of services increases. Industry share rises initially but then declines.3 stages of civilization development:1. pre-industrial phase (preindustrialna/przedprzemysłowa)- the highest percentage of people work in agriculture,2. industrial phase (industrialna/przemysłowa) - industry dominates the employment structure,3. post-industrial phase (postindustrialna/poprzemysłowa) - domination of services in employment.

In highly developed countries, the share of services in the structure of employment and GDP or GVA (gross value added - WDB - wartość dodana brutto) exceeds 70%, and in less developed countries, services do not exceed 50% in the structure of employment and GDP.

There are countries in the world that have not passed through the industrial phase of development. Some poor and small countries have shifted from the pre-industrial phase to the post-industrial phase. It is possible in countries that are attractive for tourists, where people give up agriculture and find employment in tourism.

CHANGING THE ROLE OF ECONOMY SECTORS

Different sectors of the economy have different meanings in different countries. By analyzing the changes in the share of these sectors in the employment structure and in the structure of gross value added (GVA), we can state at what stage of economic development a given country is.Currently, SERVICES are of the greatest importance in the economy of most countries in the world.

EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE

• the largest share of services in the economy - highly developed countries and small countries based on tourism
• the largest share of industry in the economy - medium-developed countries
• the largest share of agriculture in the economy - underdeveloped countries (entering the industrialization phase)

In highly developed countries, the share of industry decreases in favor of services.

structure of gross value added (GVA)

STRUKTURA WARTOŚCI DODANEJ BRUTTO (WDB)

• highly developed countries - the highest share of services in GVA. In these countries, industry has a slightly smaller share in the GAV than in the employment structure. The reason is the increase in production automation (fewer people needed to work and high production efficiency)
• less developed countries - the share of services in the GVA is lower than their share in the employment structure (industry and services are labor-intensive and give a lower GVA)

CHANGING THE ROLE OF ECONOMY SECTORS IN POLAND

Over the past several decades, the role of individual sectors of the economy has changed significantly:

• decline in the share of agriculture in the employment structure
• decline in the share of industry in the employment structure

It was the result of the transformation of the Polish economy after 1989. In the early 90s - the crisis in industry and closing large state-owned farms (PGR) Currently, services dominate in Poland.

Reasons for changes in the importance of sectors of the economy

• the progress of civilization
• technological development (mostly in agriculture and industry - increasing efficiency and not having to hire a large number of people)
• increase in the wealth of the society

In services it is difficult to replace a man with a machine. Additionally, people spend more and more money on services.

Polska Klasyfikacja Działalności (PKD) Polish Classification of Activities (PKD) - a structured list of all economic and social activities. It is important in statistical analyzes that each activity is allocated to the appropriate sector.PKD contains symbols, names and the scope of economic activity groups. It is divided into 5 levels: sections, divisions, groups, classes and subclasses.

W klasyfikacji każdemu rodzajowi działalności jest przypisany inny kod. Np. szkołom języków obcych odpowiada kod P 85.59.A:P - sekcja: edukacja85 - kod numeryczny działu edukacja85.5 - pozaszkolne formy edukacji85.59 - pozaszkolne formy edukacji, gdzie indziej nieklasyfikowane85.59.A - nauka języków obcych

Pierwszym ich poziomem kodów PKD są sekcje, a w ich zakresie mieszczą się następujące rodzaje działalności: ROLNICTWO:

• Sekcja A – Rolnictwo, leśnictwo, łowiectwo i rybactwo;

PRZEMYSŁ

• Sekcja B – Górnictwo i wydobywanie;
• Sekcja C – Przetwórstwo przemysłowe;
• Sekcja D – Wytwarzanie i zaopatrywanie w energię elektryczną, gaz, parę wodną, gorącą wodę i powietrze do układów klimatyzacyjnych;
• Sekcja E – Dostawa wody; gospodarowanie ściekami i odpadami oraz działalność związana z rekultywacją;

USŁUGI:

• Sekcja F – Budownictwo;
• Sekcja G – Handel hurtowy i detaliczny; naprawa pojazdów samochodowych, włączając motocykle;
• Sekcja H – Transport i gospodarka magazynowa;
• Sekcja I – Działalność związana z zakwaterowaniem i usługami gastronomicznymi; Sekcja J – Informacja i komunikacja;
• Sekcja K – Działalność finansowa i ubezpieczeniowa;
• Sekcja L – Działalność związana z obsługą rynku nieruchomości;
• Sekcja M – Działalność profesjonalna, naukowa i techniczna;
• Sekcja N – Działalność w zakresie usług administrowania i działalność wspierająca;
• Sekcja O – Administracja publiczna i obrona narodowa; obowiązkowe zabezpieczenia społeczne;
• Sekcja P – Edukacja;
• Sekcja Q – Opieka zdrowotna i pomoc społeczna;
• Sekcja R – Działalność związana z kulturą, rozrywką i rekreacją;
• Sekcja S – Pozostała działalność usługowa;
• Sekcja T – Gospodarstwa domowe zatrudniające pracowników; gospodarstwa domowe produkujące wyroby i świadczące usługi na własne potrzeby;
• Sekcja U – Organizacje i zespoły eksterytorialne.

Some sectors of the economy are hard to qualify for industry or services. The boundaries between the two sectors are often blurred. In PKD, some services are classified as industry. Examples include section E (water supply and waste water management) or section D (electricity generation and supply). This is because producing energy belongs to industry, but supplying energy belongs to services. Since the two are closely related, they are treated together. The situation is similar with BUILDING ACTIVITIES. Renovation of apartments or building a small house is a SERVICE. However, building large skyscrapers, large highways, tunnels or viaducts is rather an industrial activity.That is why CONSTRUCTION IS OFTEN COMBINED WITH INDUSTRY.