U4_Energy_2021-2022

energy

1. energy

2. fORMS OF ENERGY

3. ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

INDEX

4. SOURCES OF ENERGY

5. PROTECTING OUR PLANET

6. SUMMARISING

1. ENERGY

Energy is the ability of an object to move, heat up or produce light. Energy also makes objects move faster, or change direction. People use energy to move and to keep warm.

Objects use energy to produce movement, heat or light. Energy can be found in nature; the Sun produces heat and light, and plants use energy from the Sun to produce their food and grow. Energy never disappears. It can be transformed from one type of energy into another.

2. FORMS OF ENERGY

FORMS OF ENERGY

ELECTRICAL

MECHANICAL

CHEMICAL

NUCLEAR

THERMAL

LIGHT

MECHANICAL ENERGY

Mechanical energy produces movement. It enables people and things to move, go faster or change direction. E.g. - We use it when we ride a bike or when we kick a football to change the direction of the ball. - A washing maching uses mechanical energy to spin clothes around.

There are two types of mechanical energy: kinetic energy and potential energy. - Kinetic energy is the energy in the form of movement. - Potential energy is the stored energy (potential energy) an object has because of its position or state. A bicycle on top of a hill, a book held over your head, and a stretched spring all have potential energy.

CHEMICAL ENERGY

It is the energy that is stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules.When bonds between atoms are formed or broken, chemical reactions occur. A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances are converted to one or more different substances.

E.g. - Food is the most important source of chemical energy for living things. The chemical energy in food is converted, or changed, by the body into moving mechanical energy and heat energy. - The chemical energy inside the substances in a battery can be transformed into electrical energy to power a flashlight. - The chemical energy of gasoline that is burned in a car engine changes into the moving mechanical energy of the car.

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

It is the energy in the form of electricity. Electricity is the flow of tiny particles called electrons and protons. Electricity travels to homes and factories through metal cables. Electricity can be seen in nature in lightning. A lightning is a large number of electrons flowing through air all at once, releasing a huge amount of energy. We use electricity in electral devices, such as computers, microwaves, fridges, mobile phones...

THERMAL ENERGY

It is the energy in the form of heat. It is produced when a rise in temperature causes atoms and molecules to move faster and collide with each other. Thermal energy heats objects up. When an object releases thermal energy, it cools down.

LIGHT ENERGY

It is the energy in the form of light. The Sun is a natural source of light energy. Without the energy from the Sun, there would be no plants or animals on Earth’s surface. Other sources provide light: burning objects give off light; so do some animals, such as fireflies and certain fish; lightning, torches and electric lightbulbs also produce light.

NUCLEAR ENERGY

It is the energy stored in the atomic structure of all matter. Scientists release this energy by breaking down radiactive materials, such as uranium. In nuclear power stations, nuclear energy is transformed into the electrical energy that we use in our homes and cities.

JEOPARDY TIME!

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3. ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

Energy never disappears, it can be transformed from one type of energy into another. e.g. The chemical energy inside batteries is transformed into light energy when the batteries are put inside a torch. Fans and electric drills transform electrical energy into kinetic and thermal energy. Solar panels transform light energy frome the Sun into electrical energy during the day.

4. SOURCES OF ENERGY

We get energy from natural sources. They can be renewable, which are unlimited, or non-renewable, which are limited. Renewable sources include: hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass. Non-renewable sources include oil, coal, natural gas and uranium.

Renewable energy sources

Geothermal

Wind

Hydropower

Solar

Biomass

Non-renewable energy sources

Natural gas

Uranium

Coal

Oil

5. PROTECTING OUR PLANET

- Buy products that don´t have a lot of packaging. - Turn off the lights when you leave a room. - Reduce water consumption

REDUCE

- Use glass, metal and plastic containers again and again. - Reuse used paper on one side. - Give an item a new use.

To take care of our planet, we should conserve energy whenever possible. We should use renewable sources of energy as much as possible. The Three R´s protect the environment because they help us use fewer resources.

REUSE

- Separate rubbish and put it in the correct order

RECYCLE

Summarising...