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Lithium in the energy transition
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Transcript
Where is lithium found?
#4
Who produces it?
lithium
Market concentration: what do the figures tell us?
What risks is facing lithium supply ?
Metals in the energy transition
Listen to the podcast
Where is lithium found ?
Who produces it ?
2,5 %
Canada
LITHIUM
2,5 %
Canada
3,6 %
United States
7,1 %
China
China
17 %
2,3 %
Brazil
World reserves
1,5 %
Zimbabwe
1 %
Zimbabwe
7,5 %
Argentina
9 %
Argentina
48,7 %
Australia
22,3 %
Austraiia
Main producing countries
21,9 %
Chili
43,7 %
Chile
Calculation based on: Shedd, K.B., (2021), “Mineral Commodity Summaries”, U.S. Geological Survey.
Market concentration: what do the figures tell us?
The Herfindahl-Hirschmann index (HHI) is a measure of the market concentration
1500 < HHI < 2500
3 203
HHI index - Lithium production
moderately concentrated market
HHI index - Lithium reserves
2 560
HHI index - Oil production
781
HHI > 2500
highly concentrated market
Calculation based on: Shedd, K.B., (2021), “Mineral Commodity Summaries”, U.S. Geological Survey.
Highly concentrated market. The production has recently become more concentrated than the reserves
Les métaux dans la transition énergétique
What risks for 2050?
No geological risks
For 2050
Only 19 % to 20 % of lithium resources (identified in 2020) extracted in a 4°C scenario
29 to 32 % extracted in a more ambitious 2°C climate scenario
No geological pressure on the resources is to be feared
What risk to anticipate?
Geostrategic: reserves and production are increasingly concentrated geographically, with the Lithium Triangle concentrating 58% of resources and 53% of reserves, and Australia and Latin America 80% of mining extraction
Economic: - prices are not transparent, which impacts the production and development of mining projects ; - 5 global players control the majority of mining production and have a strong influence on the value chain, with China in particular exerting a strong influence on processing and refining activities
Environmental: lithium production is especially CO -intensive and water-consuming. In addition, the exploitation of underground reservoirs monopolizes the land and evaporation basins disfigure the landscapes in the Andean salt flats
Listen to the podcast
Metals in the energy transition
More info
7 minutes
Episode 4lithium
Podcast
Metals in the energy transition