HURRICANE!!!
Isabel matas Inclán 2 PAI C
Bibliography
Functions of the atmosphere
Atmosphere motion
Atmosphere layers
Precipitations
AIR MOTION AND ATMOSPHERIC MAGNITUDES
Air motion is produced because of the differences in density, temperature and pressure in the troposphere.
Air motion causes cloud formation, precipitation and breeze. This motion can be classified as vertical or horizontal motion.
Vertical air motion happens because of differences in temperature. Warmer air masses rise because they are less dense than the surrounding air. Colder air masses fall because they are denser than the surronding air.
Horizontal motion is independent from vertical motion. When air raises, it leaves behind a low-pressure area. In contrast, when air falls, it generates a high-pressure area. Air moves from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas. This horizontal motion of the air is called wind.
Air masses are defined by their temperature and humidity. The temperature measures how warm or cold the air mass is. The absolute humidity is the amount of water vapor in a volume of air. The lower the temperature of an air mass, the smaller the amount of water vapor it can have.
The relative humidity is the amount of vapor a volume of air actually has as a fraction of the maximum amount it coud have.
An air mass with a relative humidity of 100% is saturated with vapor. It already contains all the vapor which will condense. In other words, it will turn from a gas to a liquid.
Fuctions of the atmosphere
The physical and chemical characteristics of the atmosphere make our planet able to support life. Also, without an atmosphere sound would not have the means to travel and we woud not see the same colors in the sky. Some of the processes that the atmosphere is involved in are the vital to life on Earth. These include the temperature regulation, the protection against radiation and the source of nutrients.
Composition of the Atmosphere
Atmosphere Layers
Composition of the Atmosphere
As we can see in the image, the atmosphere has 5 layers.
The troposphere, which is the nearest to the surface of the Earth, is where the natural phenomena takes place.
The stratosphere is the next one and it is the house of the ozone layer.
The mesosphere, the third one, contains the coldest temperatures of the atmosphere at its top.
The thermosphere, the fourth layer, is where the air is hot but very thin.
The last layer is called exosphere, which is where gases, little by little, disperse until the composition is similar to the one of the outer space.
Temperature regulation:
The temperature regulation is thanks to the natural greenhouse effect, which keeps the temperature of the planet at values where water is in liquid state and life is possible. Air circluation compensates for the differences in temperatures between the poles and the equator. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides.
Source of nutrients:
The atmosphere also is used as a source of nutrients. Many living organisms get the subtances they need to survive directly from air. Animals and plants, among others, get oxygen to breathe. Plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis too.
Protection against radiation:
It also protect us from dangerous radiations. The outer layers of the atmosphere and the ozone layer absorb solar radiation that is harmful to living organisms: x-rays, gamma rays, and ultraviolet rays. That atmosphere also acts as a protective layer against meteorite impacts.
THE CORIOLIS EFFECT, THE GLOBAL AIR CIRCULATION AND THE CYCLONE AND ANTICYCLONE
Earth's rotation makes air circulation much more complicated because it causes the Coriolis effect. An air mass flowing from the pole to the equator on the path that seems straight will move from that path because Earth has moved: it is turning. In the Northen Hemisphere, the wind deflects to the right. In the Southern Hemisphere, to the left.
Because of Earth's rotation, winds move to the left in the Southern Hemisphere and to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.
Atmospheric motion does not consist of a single convective cell in each hemisphere. Earth's rotation moves the wind from its path. It also stops the cells from expanding from poles to the equator. This creates three convective cells in each hemisphere.
The convective cell that would flow across each hemisphere if the Earth did not move becomes divided into three cells. Therefore, strong surface winds do not always blow toward the equator. It depends on each particular cell.
The Coriolis effect explains why the surface winds flowing between areas of high and low pressure change direction and form spirals. A cyclone is a spiraling wind that forms around centers of low pressure. An anticyclone is a spiraling wind that forms around centers of high pressure.
Cyclones cause upward air motions and bad weather. In contrast, anticyclones cause downward air motions and fair weather.
In the Northern Hemisphere, cyclones spin counterclockwise and anticyclones spin clockwise. In the Southern Hemisphere, cyclones spin clockwise and anticyclones spin counterclockwise.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND PRECIPITATION
The difference between climate and weather is that weather reflects short-term conditions of the atmosphere while climate is the average daily weather for an extended period of time at a certain location.
Precipitation is water, in liquid or solid state, that falls from clouds to Earth's surface. The type of precipitation depends on the atmospheric conditions of the location where it happens. In general, the precipitation in warm regions of the planet happens in the form of the rain. In cold regions, precipitation may also take the form of the snow or ice.
The main types are: snow, sleet, hail, rain, ice storm and drizzle.
The snow is a type of precipitation formed of tiny ice crystals that have geometrical shapes and group into snowflakes.
The sleet is a mixture of snow and water. This happens when ice crystals partially melt as they fall through layers of warm air.
The hail is a type of precipitation made up of irregularly shaped icy lumps that can be over 5 cm in the diameter. Cumulonimbus clouds sometimes bring hail with them.
The rain is a type of precipitation in the form of water droplets larger than 0.5 mm in diameter.
An ice storm is made of raindrops that freeze as they hit the ground. Such storms happen on very cold days when the temperature of the Earth surface is very low.
The drizzle is a liquid precipitation made up of water droplets smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter. When it is drizzling, the drops seem to be floating in the air. Stratus clouds often cause drizzle.
Snow
Sleet
Hail
Título 2
Título 2
Rain
Ice Storm
Drizzele
Bibliography
- https://www.tlccalibrations.com/temperature-humidity-calibrations/ (15/02/21).
- https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/weather_climate.html#:~:text=Weather%20reflects%20short%2Dterm%20conditions,time%20at%20a%20certain%20location.&text=Weather%20can%20change%20from%20minute,weather%20over%20time%20and%20space. (15/02/21).
- Science Bits (15/02/21) (Almost all the information and images were taken out from here).
HURRICANE!!!
Isabel Matas Inclan
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Transcript
HURRICANE!!!
Isabel matas Inclán 2 PAI C
Bibliography
Functions of the atmosphere
Atmosphere motion
Atmosphere layers
Precipitations
AIR MOTION AND ATMOSPHERIC MAGNITUDES
Air motion is produced because of the differences in density, temperature and pressure in the troposphere. Air motion causes cloud formation, precipitation and breeze. This motion can be classified as vertical or horizontal motion. Vertical air motion happens because of differences in temperature. Warmer air masses rise because they are less dense than the surrounding air. Colder air masses fall because they are denser than the surronding air. Horizontal motion is independent from vertical motion. When air raises, it leaves behind a low-pressure area. In contrast, when air falls, it generates a high-pressure area. Air moves from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas. This horizontal motion of the air is called wind. Air masses are defined by their temperature and humidity. The temperature measures how warm or cold the air mass is. The absolute humidity is the amount of water vapor in a volume of air. The lower the temperature of an air mass, the smaller the amount of water vapor it can have. The relative humidity is the amount of vapor a volume of air actually has as a fraction of the maximum amount it coud have. An air mass with a relative humidity of 100% is saturated with vapor. It already contains all the vapor which will condense. In other words, it will turn from a gas to a liquid.
Fuctions of the atmosphere
The physical and chemical characteristics of the atmosphere make our planet able to support life. Also, without an atmosphere sound would not have the means to travel and we woud not see the same colors in the sky. Some of the processes that the atmosphere is involved in are the vital to life on Earth. These include the temperature regulation, the protection against radiation and the source of nutrients.
Composition of the Atmosphere
Atmosphere Layers
Composition of the Atmosphere As we can see in the image, the atmosphere has 5 layers. The troposphere, which is the nearest to the surface of the Earth, is where the natural phenomena takes place. The stratosphere is the next one and it is the house of the ozone layer. The mesosphere, the third one, contains the coldest temperatures of the atmosphere at its top. The thermosphere, the fourth layer, is where the air is hot but very thin. The last layer is called exosphere, which is where gases, little by little, disperse until the composition is similar to the one of the outer space.
Temperature regulation:
The temperature regulation is thanks to the natural greenhouse effect, which keeps the temperature of the planet at values where water is in liquid state and life is possible. Air circluation compensates for the differences in temperatures between the poles and the equator. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides.
Source of nutrients:
The atmosphere also is used as a source of nutrients. Many living organisms get the subtances they need to survive directly from air. Animals and plants, among others, get oxygen to breathe. Plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis too.
Protection against radiation:
It also protect us from dangerous radiations. The outer layers of the atmosphere and the ozone layer absorb solar radiation that is harmful to living organisms: x-rays, gamma rays, and ultraviolet rays. That atmosphere also acts as a protective layer against meteorite impacts.
THE CORIOLIS EFFECT, THE GLOBAL AIR CIRCULATION AND THE CYCLONE AND ANTICYCLONE
Earth's rotation makes air circulation much more complicated because it causes the Coriolis effect. An air mass flowing from the pole to the equator on the path that seems straight will move from that path because Earth has moved: it is turning. In the Northen Hemisphere, the wind deflects to the right. In the Southern Hemisphere, to the left. Because of Earth's rotation, winds move to the left in the Southern Hemisphere and to the right in the Northern Hemisphere. Atmospheric motion does not consist of a single convective cell in each hemisphere. Earth's rotation moves the wind from its path. It also stops the cells from expanding from poles to the equator. This creates three convective cells in each hemisphere. The convective cell that would flow across each hemisphere if the Earth did not move becomes divided into three cells. Therefore, strong surface winds do not always blow toward the equator. It depends on each particular cell. The Coriolis effect explains why the surface winds flowing between areas of high and low pressure change direction and form spirals. A cyclone is a spiraling wind that forms around centers of low pressure. An anticyclone is a spiraling wind that forms around centers of high pressure. Cyclones cause upward air motions and bad weather. In contrast, anticyclones cause downward air motions and fair weather. In the Northern Hemisphere, cyclones spin counterclockwise and anticyclones spin clockwise. In the Southern Hemisphere, cyclones spin clockwise and anticyclones spin counterclockwise.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND PRECIPITATION
The difference between climate and weather is that weather reflects short-term conditions of the atmosphere while climate is the average daily weather for an extended period of time at a certain location. Precipitation is water, in liquid or solid state, that falls from clouds to Earth's surface. The type of precipitation depends on the atmospheric conditions of the location where it happens. In general, the precipitation in warm regions of the planet happens in the form of the rain. In cold regions, precipitation may also take the form of the snow or ice. The main types are: snow, sleet, hail, rain, ice storm and drizzle. The snow is a type of precipitation formed of tiny ice crystals that have geometrical shapes and group into snowflakes. The sleet is a mixture of snow and water. This happens when ice crystals partially melt as they fall through layers of warm air. The hail is a type of precipitation made up of irregularly shaped icy lumps that can be over 5 cm in the diameter. Cumulonimbus clouds sometimes bring hail with them. The rain is a type of precipitation in the form of water droplets larger than 0.5 mm in diameter. An ice storm is made of raindrops that freeze as they hit the ground. Such storms happen on very cold days when the temperature of the Earth surface is very low. The drizzle is a liquid precipitation made up of water droplets smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter. When it is drizzling, the drops seem to be floating in the air. Stratus clouds often cause drizzle.
Snow
Sleet
Hail
Título 2
Título 2
Rain
Ice Storm
Drizzele
Bibliography