Relative clauses

Relative clauses

zdania względne

Relative clauses

Non-defining relative clause

Defining relative clause

Zapewnia informacje dodatkowe, nie jest konieczny do zrozumienia zdania.

Dodaje informacje istotne do zrozumienia całego zdania, definiuje rzeczownik.

My neighbour, who is an opera singer, is moving away.

I don't like people who are arrogant.

Prague, which is a beautiful city, is the capital of the Czech Republic.

Is that the ring which your friend gave you?

Relative clauses

What is a clause?

Eric's hat is blue.

Why is it called a relative clause?

Eric is my friend.

Eric, whose hat is blue, is my friend.

Relative clauses

1. Znajdź człowieka lub przedmiot o którym mowa w obu zdaniach.
2. Zdecyduj które ze zdań jest zdaniem głównym, a które zdaniem dodającym informacje.
3. Umieść zdanie względne po rzeczownikiem w zdaniu głównym.
4. Zastąp rzeczownik w zdaniu względnym odpowiednim zaimkiem względnym i umieść go na początku.

The car is mine. The car is parked outside.

The car is mine. The car is parked outside.

The car the car is parked outside is mine.

The car which is parked outside is mine.

Relative clauses

Zaimki względne

• who - do ludzi
• which - do przedmiotów oraz zwierząt
• when - do czasu
• where - do miejsc
• whose - oznacza fakt posiadania czegoś, stosowany zarówno do ludzi jak i przedmiotów
• that - może być używany zamiast who lub which, ale tylko w defining clauses

Relative clauses

The man is standing over there. The man lent me a book.

The man who lent me a book is standing over there.

A receipt is a document. A receipt shows that you have paid for what you have bought.

A receipt is a document which shows that you have paid for what you have bought.

Relative clauses

Katowice is a city. I was born in Katowice.

Katowice is a city where I was born.

This is the time of the year. This time of the year many people suffer from colds.

This is the time of the year when many people suffer from colds.