[Hema 2 Lab] M1 - Bleeding Time

Module 1Bleeding Time

PREPARED BY:JEANNETTE SOCORRO B, CRUZ, RMT, MSMT

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Reference Material

CEU Laboratory Manual for Hematology 2

learning objectives

Lesson 1

Introduction to Hemostasis

What happens when we have a Wound?

What is Hemostasis?

- It is the process of blood clot formation at the site of vessel injury. - When a blood vessel wall is disrupted, the hemostatic response must be quick, localized, and carefully regulated.

Hemostasis has Several Phases

- Vasoconstriction - Narrowing or constriction of blood vessels. It is the first response to vessel injury.- Primary Hemostasis - A loose platelet plug is formed to seal the site of injury - Secondary Hemostasis - A fibrin mesh reinforces the loose platelet plug to form a stable fibrin clot - Clot Retraction - Retraction or shrinking of the fibrin clot - Fibrinolysis - Dissolves the clot after tissue repair

Lesson 2 - Bleeding Time

- Bleeding Time is a test for Primary Hemostasis- Bleeding time is the interval required for the blood to stop flowing from a skin incision. - Bleeding time does not necessarily parallel the coagulation time (also called clotting time) of the blood.- It measures the ability of blood vessels to control bleeding injury by formation of a loose platelet plug or hemostatic plug. - It tests the function of platelets as well.

Lesson 3 - Duke's Method

Principle - The lobe of the ear is the site of choice for puncture. - Duke's Method can be modified to use the finger tip as the puncture site instead, hence, can be called the "Modified Duke's Method". - It should be warmed before the test or before incision is made. - Afterwards, bleeding time is measured.

correct site

sites to avoid

+ info

Duke's Method

MATERIALS

PROCEDURE

REFERENCE RANGE

Modified Ivy's Method

PRINCIPLE

MATERIALS

PROCEDURE

REFERENCE RANGE

Copley Lalitch Method

PROCEDURE

REFERENCE RANGE

Clinical Significance

7. Toxins (infection, chemical, snake venom) 8. Allergy 9. In prothrombin deficiency 10. Destructive disease of the liver with hemorrhagic tendencies 11. Hemolytic disease of the newborn 12. Slightly prolonged in severe anemia

Prolonged Bleeding Time is Seen in: 1. When the blood platelets are greatly reduced 2. Thrombocytopenic purpura 3. Acute Leukemia 4. Aplastic anemia 5. In injury to capillary wall 6. Scurvy - Vitamin C deficiency that can lead to poor wound healing and bleeding of gums

Trivia: Scurvy

Recap

- Wound is repaired through the process of hemostasis - Hemostasis involves many processes including - vasoconstriction, primary hemostasis, secondary hemostasis, clot retraction and fibrinolysis - Bleeding Time is a test which measures the body's capacity to perform Primary Hemostasis effectively. - Bleeding Time is a test for Primary Hemostasis - Bleeding Time can be measured through different methods Duke's Method – Ear lobe Modified Duke's Method – Finger tip Modified Ivy's Method - Forearm Copley Lalitch – Finger tip in 37C saline solution

End of Module