Rules and regularities of English spelling
By Belisa Howard
Before learners can use the rules that they will be presented, they will need to be familiar with certain notions: 1-Consonant and vowel: "a,e,o, o,u" "y"= by, city, physical,/ yet, yellow, 2-Affixes: Prefixes= Unhappy. Suffixes= Explain/ explanation & Novel/novelist 3-Syllable
These notions are not needed to work on the spelling system alone, they have relevance and usefulness for other aspects of the use of the English language.
Could you spot the correct sentences?
1-You are a unique person! 2- You are an unique person! 3-The plane leaves in a hour. 4-Michael is an honest man. Please type the number of the sentences you think are the correct ones.
Rules for consonants
Sound values of single consonant letters:
Sound value of single consonant letters The following consonant letters have one sound value only.
Letter d f j m n p r v x y z t
Rules for consonants
Sound values of single consonant letters:
The following letters also regurlaly represent one sound, but for each of these, there are a number of cases where the letter has a different value.
Letter d f j m n p r v x y z t
The following single consonant letters can have two sound values.
Sound values of single consonant letters:
Single consonant letters that are doubled keep the same value.
Letter d f j m n p r v x y z t
"c" represents /s/ when it is followed by "i", "e" or "y", and /k/ everywhere else.
at ity ello
Cage
"g" represents /dʒ/ when it is followed by "i", "e" or "y," and it represents /g/ everywhere else. But as exceptions we have "give" "girl," etc.
Go
Garage, prestige
Sound values of single consonant letters:
Ch /tʃ/ as in "chip"= champion, change, child. Ch /k/ as in "kit"= chorus, chord, Christmas.
Letter d f j m n p r v x y z t
Gh can have the /f/ sound as in "fish," for example, enough, coughing. On the other hand, it can also stand for silence, for example: daughter. Ghetto, ghost, ghastly, ghoul, gherkin. (/g/)
Rule for vowels
Sound values of single consonant letters:
The correspondence between vowel sounds and vowel letters are very complex, but there are some very clear patterns that can be useful for the learner.
Letter d f j m n p r v x y z t
Pattern A:
Pattern B:
Pattern C:
Single vowel letters in polysyllabic words:
Sound values of single consonant letters:
Action VS. Relation
Letter d f j m n p r v x y z t
1-Count the number of consonants following the vowel. (ignore the suffix ending, in this case "ion". 2-Look at what follows the single vowel letter. "a" in "action" is followed by two consonants and "a" in "relation" is followed by one consonant.
+Info
Vowel digraphs
- au/aw= cause/ claw =(/ɔ/) & laugh/aunt (/a/)
- ea= each/ reach =(/i/) & break/steak (ei), also it has another value (/ɛ/), dead, head; also before "sure" as in measure and before "L", as in "health".
- ee= bleed =(/i/) & been (weak form) (/ɪ/).
- ei/ey= obey =(ei) & height, eye, either (/ai), also either, key, receive (/i/).
- eu/ew= few, crew, new, neutral, Europe =(/ju/) or (/u/), & sew =(/ou/).
- ie= die, tie, lie= (/ai/), and also in achieve, believe (/i/) & as well as "friend" =(/ɛ/).
- oa= coat, goat =(/ou/) & broad =(/ɔ/).
- oi/oy= boy, toy, coin =(/ɔɪ/); no minor values.
Vowel digraphs
- oo= boot, root =(/u/) & blood, flood= (/ʌ/), also foot, book,= (/ʊ/).
- ui= suit, bruise =(/ju/) or (/u/) & build =(/ɪ/).
- ou/ow= crown, town, trout =(/au/) & couple, trouble, enough =(/ʌ/), also, cough =(/ɔ/), owe, own= (/ou/), group, soup, routine= (/u/).
English pronunciation
English with Belisa
Created on January 15, 2021
Start designing with a free template
Discover more than 1500 professional designs like these:
View
Visual Presentation
View
Terrazzo Presentation
View
Colorful Presentation
View
Modular Structure Presentation
View
Chromatic Presentation
View
City Presentation
View
News Presentation
Explore all templates
Transcript
Rules and regularities of English spelling
By Belisa Howard
Before learners can use the rules that they will be presented, they will need to be familiar with certain notions: 1-Consonant and vowel: "a,e,o, o,u" "y"= by, city, physical,/ yet, yellow, 2-Affixes: Prefixes= Unhappy. Suffixes= Explain/ explanation & Novel/novelist 3-Syllable
These notions are not needed to work on the spelling system alone, they have relevance and usefulness for other aspects of the use of the English language.
Could you spot the correct sentences?
1-You are a unique person! 2- You are an unique person! 3-The plane leaves in a hour. 4-Michael is an honest man. Please type the number of the sentences you think are the correct ones.
Rules for consonants
Sound values of single consonant letters:
Sound value of single consonant letters The following consonant letters have one sound value only.
Letter d f j m n p r v x y z t
Rules for consonants
Sound values of single consonant letters:
The following letters also regurlaly represent one sound, but for each of these, there are a number of cases where the letter has a different value.
Letter d f j m n p r v x y z t
The following single consonant letters can have two sound values.
Sound values of single consonant letters:
Single consonant letters that are doubled keep the same value.
Letter d f j m n p r v x y z t
"c" represents /s/ when it is followed by "i", "e" or "y", and /k/ everywhere else.
at ity ello
Cage
"g" represents /dʒ/ when it is followed by "i", "e" or "y," and it represents /g/ everywhere else. But as exceptions we have "give" "girl," etc.
Go
Garage, prestige
Sound values of single consonant letters:
Ch /tʃ/ as in "chip"= champion, change, child. Ch /k/ as in "kit"= chorus, chord, Christmas.
Letter d f j m n p r v x y z t
Gh can have the /f/ sound as in "fish," for example, enough, coughing. On the other hand, it can also stand for silence, for example: daughter. Ghetto, ghost, ghastly, ghoul, gherkin. (/g/)
Rule for vowels
Sound values of single consonant letters:
The correspondence between vowel sounds and vowel letters are very complex, but there are some very clear patterns that can be useful for the learner.
Letter d f j m n p r v x y z t
Pattern A:
Pattern B:
Pattern C:
Single vowel letters in polysyllabic words:
Sound values of single consonant letters:
Action VS. Relation
Letter d f j m n p r v x y z t
1-Count the number of consonants following the vowel. (ignore the suffix ending, in this case "ion". 2-Look at what follows the single vowel letter. "a" in "action" is followed by two consonants and "a" in "relation" is followed by one consonant.
+Info
Vowel digraphs
Vowel digraphs