UNIT 4: CONDITIONAL CLAUSES AND WISHES

UNIT 4: CONDITIONAL AND WISH

EMPEZAR

DEFINITION

FIRST CONTITIONAL

SECOND CONDITIONAL

INDEX

THIRD CONDITIONAL

MIXED CONDITIONAL

ALTERNATIVE TO IF

WISHES, REGRESTS AND COMPLAINS

THANKS

A CONDITIONAL SENTENCE CONSIST OF:

TWO PARTS: -THE CONDITIONAL CLAUSE, WHICH ESTABLISHES THE CONDITION (INTRODUCED BY "IF OR UNLESS) -AND THE MAIN CLAUSE The order in which they appear is not important. But, when the conditional clause begins the clause, we put a comma before the main clause. If you go to the school, take a coat. Take a coat if you go to school.

Examples

STRUCTURE

• AFFIRMATIVE: I might buy a new dress if I find one I like
• NEGATIVE: We won´t go to the cinema if Harry doesn´t arrive home in time.
• QUESTIONS: If you go to the supermarket, will you buy me some bread?

• IF/UNLESS +
• PRESENT SIMPLE+
• FUTURE SIMPLE/ MODAL/IMPERATIVE

FIRST CONDITIONAL

Uses: real, possible or likely situations in the present or the future.

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SECOND CONDITIONAL

It expresses hypothetical or unlikely situations in the present or future

EXAMPLES

AFFIRMATIVE: If I were rich, I would give my friends lots of money NEGATIVE: She wouldn´t go shopping so often if she didn´t like it QUESTION: How would you feel if you didn´t go shopping for a year? *"If I were you" is a set phrase which is used to give advice

WE USE "WERE" FOR I AND SHE/HE/IT IN WRITTEN LANGUAGE.

-IF+PAST SIMPLE+ -WOULD/COULD+ INFINITIVE

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THIRD CONDITIONAL

IF + PAST PERFECT, MAY/MIGHT/COULD/WOULD HAVE + PP

IT IS USED TO EXPRESS HYPOTHETICAL SITUATION IN THE PAST. *REGRETS

• AFFIRMATIVE: I would have taken the coat back if I had noticed the hole before.
• NEGATIVE: If I hadn´t known about the offer, it would have been too expensive.
• QUESTION: If you had read the article before, would you have bought your clothes from that shop?

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MIXED CONDITIONAL

WHEN WE TALK ABOUT PAST EVENTS OR ACTIONS THAT HAVE A RESULT IN THE PRESENT.

-IF + PAST PERFECT+ -WOULD/COULD +INFINITIVE

AFFIRMATIVE: If you had kept the receipt, you could take the television back. NEGATIVE: if she hadn´t broken the glass, I wouldn´t be angry QUESTION: If you had left earlier, would you be on the train?

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ALTERNATIVE TO IF

AS LONG AS/ PROVINDING (THAT) /PROVIDED (THAT)

EVEN IF

UNLESS

• These expressions mean "but only if" and are usually used in the first conditional:
• As long as you are at home at 11 pm, you can go to the party.
• She´ll be back here at 5:30, providing that she catches the right train.
• I´ll lend you the money, provided that you can give it back next week.

• This expression means "If... not"/also for warning
• Compare:
• If you dont´t call him now, it´ll be too late
• Unless you call him now, it´ll be too late

• It is used to give emphasis to the contition in cases where the information in the main clause cannot be changed by any action in the conditional clause.
• I wouldn´t buy organic food even if it was cheaper

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WISH (3) AND IF ONLY

OJALÁ

REGRET ABOUT PAST SITUATIONS

DESIRES IN PRESENT SITUATIONS

TO CRITICIZE OR COMPLAIN

• WISH /IF ONLY +SUBJECT+WOULD +INFINITIVE
• I WISH YOU WOULD STOP COMPLAINING
• IF ONLY HE WOULD CALL ME

• WISH/IF ONLY + SUBJECT+ PAST SIMPLE/PAST CONTINUOUS:
• I WISH I HAD A NEW DRESS
• IF ONLY YOU WERE COMING WITH ME

• WISH /IF ONLY + SUBJECT+PAST PERFECT
• I WISH I HAD BOUGHT THAT COAT
• IF ONLY I HAD TAKEN THE DRESS BACK LAST WEEK, NOW IT´S TOO LATE TO EXCHANGE IT

THANKS