Conditionals

nº1

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20xx

Conditionals

zeroconditional

Use a comma if the "if clause" is at the beginning of the sentence.

IF + CONDITION , + RESULT PRESENT SIMPLE , PRESENT SIMPLEIf you heat ice, it melts. If you press the button, the TV turns on.

STRUCTURE:IF clause , + MAIN clause MAIN clause + IF clause

RESULT + IF + CONDITION PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLEIce melts if you heat it. The TV turns on if you press the button.

USE:- Fact that are generally true - Habits - Scientific facts It refers to a general situation that always happens if a condition is met.

firstconditional

Use a comma if the "if clause" is at the beginning of the sentence.

IF + CONDITION , + RESULT PRESENT SIMPLE , FUTURE / IMPERATIVE If I find his address, I will send him an invitation If you touch that wire , you will get an electric shock.

STRUCTURE:IF clause , + MAIN clause MAIN clause + IF clause

RESULT + IF + CONDITION FUTURE / IMPERATIVE PRESENT SIMPLE I will send him an invitation if I find his address. You will get an electric shock if you touch that wire.

USE:- Predictions - Promises, warnings and threats - Possible plans - A possibility It refers to things that will possibly happen in the future if a condition is met.

secondconditional

Use a comma if the "if clause" is at the beginning of the sentence.

IF + CONDITION , + RESULT PAST SIMPLE , WOULD + VERB (infinitive) If I won the lottery , I would buy a new house. If I were you , I wouldn't do it.

STRUCTURE:IF clause , + MAIN clause MAIN clause + IF clause

RESULT + IF + CONDITION WOULD + VERB (infinitive) PAST SIMPLE I would buy a new house if I won the lottery. I wouldn't do it if I were you

USE:- Hypothesis - Unlikely situations - Unreal situations - Give advice It refers to hypothetical or unlikely situations. Improbable situations.

THIRdconditional

Use a comma if the "if clause" is at the beginning of the sentence.

IF + CONDITION , + RESULT PAST PERFECT , WOULD/COULD/MIGHT HAVE + PARTICIPLE If she had studied, she would have passed the exam. If you hadn't been sick, you could have gone to the party.*

STRUCTURE:IF clause , + MAIN clause MAIN clause + IF clause

RESULT + IF + CONDITION WOULD/COULD/MIGHT HAVE + PARTICIPLE + PAST PERFECT She would have passed the exam if she had studied. You could have gone to the party if you hadn't been sick.

USE:- Express regret about a situation in the past - Hypothesis about the past - Theoretical past situations - An impossible situation because it has already happened It refers to imaginary situations in the past.

MIXEdconditional 1

IF + CONDITION , + RESULT PAST PERFECT , WOULD/COULD/MIGHT + VERB (infinitive) If she had won the lottery , she would be rich now. If you had saved money , you could go on holiday.*

Use a comma if the "if clause" is at the beginning of the sentence.

STRUCTURE:IF clause , + MAIN clause MAIN clause + IF clause

RESULT + IF + CONDITION WOULD/COULD/MIGHT + VERB (infinitive) + PAST PERFECT She would be rich now if she had won the lottery. You could go on holiday if you had saved money.

USE:- to talk about a present hypothetical or unreal situation with a present result.

MIXEdconditional 2

IF + CONDITION , + RESULT PAST SIMPLE , WOULD/COULD/MIGHT HAVE + PARTICIPLE If he spoke Chinese , he would have got the job. If you were faster , you might have won the race.*

Use a comma if the "if clause" is at the beginning of the sentence.

STRUCTURE:IF clause , + MAIN clause MAIN clause + IF clause

RESULT + IF + CONDITION WOULD/COULD/MIGHT HAVE+ PARTICIPLE + PAST SIMPLE He would have got the job if he spoke Chinese. You might have won the race if you were faster.

USE:- to talk about a present hypothetical or unreal situation with a result in the past.

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