Middle Ages in Spain

MIDDLE AGES IN SPAIN.

The end of Roman Empire and the arrival of Visisgoths.

WHEN ROMAN HISPANIA ENDED...

VISIGOTHS ARRIVING SPAIN

THE END OF ROMAN EMPIRE

Who were the visigoths?

Visigoths were a Germanic tribe. They came to the Peninsula to help the Romans. When Roman Empire fell, the Visigoths established in the Peninsula occupying the most part of it.

What did they do?

1. They established the kingdom of Toledo. It was the capital of the kingdom in 507 A.D.

2. They established the council of Toledo. In Toledo the king, the nobles and the bishops had special meetings to rule the kingdom.

3. They learned to speak latin and adopted the Roman laws.

But...Roman Empire ends and...

1. The economy changes. There is less trade...

2. Population of cities and town decrease...

3. Visigoths stay in the countryside as farmers...

Did the visigoths leave us any culture?

Culture was limited to religious people, like priests, bishops or monks. St Isidoro of Sevilla was and important bishop and thinker. He wrote the first Christian to write an encyclopedia.

In 589, there was a visigoth king, Recaredo, who converts to Catholicism

So, all the kingdom was united under the same religion. Visigoths would be Christians.

What did they leave us in the Peninsula? What kind of art did they use?

Churches

Jewellery

After the visigoths, the muslims will invade the Peninsula.

In 711 A.D. The muslims came from North Africa to the Iberian Peninsula.

They defeat the visigoths in the Battle of Guadalete.

And create al-Andalus...

It is an emirate, part of the Caliphate in Arabia, which was ruled by an emir . This emir represented the Caliph.

Abderraman III , an emir, declared al-Andalus as an independent caliphate in 929 A.D. and established the Caliphate of Cordoba.

As a result, it was divided into small kingdoms called Taifa Kingdoms.

Taifa kingdoms en 1080

They were fighting against each other, so the caliphate of Cordoba was weaker than before.

Life in al-Andalus

Economic activity

Education

Religion

The place they live

Art in al-Andalus

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Christians are gaining territory, they will conquer the taifa kingdoms little by little.Muslims stay in Granada as its last kingdom.

They will be in Granada till the end of al-Andalus in 1492 when Boabdil gave the keys of the Alhambra to the Catholic Kings.

By the year 1200, muslims established in Granada as its last refuge.

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The emirs lived in the alcazaba, a fortress.

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Scholars made advances in medicine, geography literature and philosophy.

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Muslims selling products in the souk: artisans and merchants selling leather, textiles and pottery

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PaintingsRugs and carpets Columns Arches Ceramics Tilings

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They follow the Islam, a religion taught by prophet Mohammed about Allah, his god. They follow the book of Koran, their sacred book.

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The christian kingdoms and the Reconquista

Reconquista is the process by which Christians conquer al-Andalus to the muslims

Why do the Christians invade the Muslims?

1. The Christians didn´t want the muslins to be ruling the Peninsula because it was ruled by visigoths

2. The Christians needed more lands and space to grow crops and raise the animals.

There were 3 reasons:

3. Al-Andalus was weaker because of the fights of taifa kingdoms.

They were conquering the territoris of Toledo, Jaen, Córdoba y Sevilla.

The last kingdom was Granada in 1492.

Christians society

Art in Christian kingdoms: Two different types

Next time, early Modern Age in Spain...

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