Energy Structures

Energy Structures

SOURCE TO END USE

A Data-Oriented Point of View

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OUR GOALS

To Enlighten our Members and Students at large about Energy and its many resources, how it can be tapped, utilized, and transformed into suitable forms for end-use.

WHAT IS eNERGY?

WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT eNERGY

AS energy IS CONVERTED FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER, PART OF THAT ENERGY IS LOST

THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY THE EARTH HAS IS FINITE AND CONSTANT THEREFORE ENERGY IS NOT REALLY LOST

energy can NEITHER BE CREATED NOR DESTROYED BUT CAN BE CONVERTED TO ANOTHER FORM

WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT eNERGY

eNERGY CARRIERS

PRIMARY eNERGY SOURCES

• FUEL
• HEAT
• ELECTRICITY

• OIL
• GAS
• COAL
• wind
• NUCLEAr

sources of energy

fossil fuels

Renewable & nuclear

PRIMARY energy CONSUMPTION

11.2%

38%

25%

10.7%

4.3%

11%

OIL

GAS

HYDRO

COAL

NUCLEAR

RENEWABLES

ELEMENTS OF OIL FORMATION

• SOURCE ROCK
• THERMAL MATURITY
• MIGRATION
• RESERVOIR ROCK
• TRAP
• CAP ROCK

Extraction OF OIL

PIPELINES

DRILLING

STORAGE

REFINERY

CARGO

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF OIL

INCREASING ENERGY DENSITY

DECREASING TEMPERATURE

mapping out gas

INcreasing carbon content

SPECIFIC ENERGY AND ENERGY DENSITY ARE SIMILAR BUT DO NOT REFER TO THE SAME THING. SPECIFIC ENERGY REFERS TO HEAT CONTENT. Energy density talks about volume and hence storage capacity.

gas

gasOLINE

INcreasing specific energy (kJ/kg)

DIESEL

COAL

processing of NATURAL GAS

SULPHUR RECOVERY

DRY GAS

TREATED GAS

METHANE TO MARKETS

DEHYDRATION

ACID GAS TREATMENT

GAS PIPELINE

GAS TO BE TREATED

RICH GAS

WATER DISPOSAL

PRODUCED GAS

CONDENSATES TO MARKETS

NGLs TO MARKETS

NGLs to pipelines

WATER DISPOSAL

mapping out COAL

1.73 t

5.5 t

34.3 B

Reserves

Reserves

Reserves

GAS

COAL

OIL

mapping out RENEWABLES

SOLAR

WIND

HYDRO

GEOTHERMAL

BIOMASS

mapping out the electrical grid

what is electricity?

Direct current

Alternating current

mapping out the electrical grid

DISTRIBUTION

TRANSMISSION

GENERATION

mapping out the electrical grid

STEAM

FUEL

SHAFT: ROTATES THE ROTOR.

BOILER

TRANSFORMER: STEPS UP THE VOLATGE FOR HIGH POWER TRANSMISSION.

TURBINE: ConVERTS THERMAL ENERGY TO MECHANICAL ENERGY.

3 PHASE WIRES: WIRES CONNECTED TO THE COILS OF THE STATOR.

GENERATOR: GENERATE AC BY INDUCING VOLATGE IN THE STATOR(COILED WIRES).

mapping out the electrical grid

THE NIGERIA eNERGY INDUSTRY

ENERGY MIX

SOLAR PV

COAL

OIL

GAS

BIOMASS

ELECTRICITY MIX

OIL

GAS

HYDRO

SOLAR PV

PROBLEMS WITH THE NIGERIA eNERGY INDUSTRY

1) Lack of adequate infrastructure 2) Lack of communication between Generating companies, Transmission companies, Distribution companies, and end-users 3) Lack of Baseload power plants such as Nuclear and coal 4) Insufficient data

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS to THE NIGERIA eNERGY INDUSTRY

1) Build Base load power plants such as Nuclear and coal 2) The second option here is to break down the grid

SMART electrical grid

INDUSTRY

RENEWABLE

POWER PLANTS

CONSUMERS

Thank You