Use of English crib notes

USE OF ENGLISH

crib notes

Marta Olszewska

I WISH

I wish + Past Simple

for present reference

I wish I knew the answer.I wish I were taller

Szkoda, że nie znam odpowiedzi.

Szkoda, że nie jestem wyższy.

I wish + Past Perfect

for past reference

Szkoda, że Ciebie nie posłuchałem.

I wish I had listened to you.

I wish + Future in the Past

for future reference

I wish you would agree to come.

Chciałbym, żebyś zgodził się przyjść

Gdy wyrażamy pragnienie zmiany czyjegoś postępowania

I wish you wouldn't make so much noise.

Chciałbym, żebyś nie robił tyle hałasu.

I WOULD RATHER

gdy zdanie ma jeden podmiot

I'd rather + infinitive

I'd rather stay at home.

Wolałbym zostać w domu.

On wolałby przeprowadzić się do Warszawy.

He would rather move to Warsaw.

He would rather not take a grammar test today.

gdy w zdaniu zachodzi zmiana podmiotu

I'd rather + Past Simple

Wolałbym, żebyś tu nie palił.

I'd rather you didn't smoke here.

Wolelibyśmy, abyś zapłacił nam teraz.

We'd rather you paid us now.

I'd rather she didn't talk so much.

IT'S (HIGH) TIME

It's (high) time + Past Simple

It's time the children went to bed.

Czas, aby dzieci poszły spać.

It's high time we started the meeting.

Najwyższy czas, abyśmy rozpoczęli spotkanie.

It' high time he went to a dentist.

Najwyższa pora, aby poszedł do dentysty.

THIS IS THE FIRST TIME

+ PRESENT PERFECT

This is the first time I've been to London.

Pierwszy raz jestem w Londynie.

+ PAST PERFECT

THIS WAS THE FIRST TIME

This was the first time I had driven a car.

To był pierwszy raz kiedy prowadziłem samochód.

It was one of the worst meals we had ever eaten.

That was the third time they had travelled by sea.

THIS IS THE LAST TIME

This is the last time I pay for you. This is the last time I am talking about elections. This is the last time they will see each other.

THERE IS NO POINT IN DOING STH

nie ma sensu, nie ma po co

IT'S NO GOOD DOING STH

IT'S NO USE DOING STH

There's no point in studying for Professor Clint's exam. His tests are always so easy.

It's no use crying over spilt milk.

It's no use cramming the day before the test.

There’s no point in hurrying, we’ll be late anyway

It's no good dreaming about him. He has a wife!

get used to doing sth

be used to doing sth

be accustomed to doing sth

get accustomed to doing sth

być przyzwyczajonym do robienia czegoś

przyzwyczaić się do robienia czegoś

She's used to copying with such problems.

I'll never get used to getting up so early.

Ona jest przyzwyczajona do...

Nigdy nie przyzwyczaję się do...

Don't get used to eating breakfast in bed.

He was used to carrying out orders without complaining.

Nie przywyczajaj się do...

On był przyzwyczajony do wykonywania rozkazów bez utyskiwania.

Konstrukcje z so/such

either...or...

albo...albo...

You can either stay here or come with us.

Either mum or dad will come to pick you up.

neither... nor...

ani...ani...

I will neither call you nor send you a message before midnight.

Sarah liked neither Rome nor Paris. She prefers the countryside.

both...and...

zarówno...jak i...

Sport is healthy for both your body and your mind.

QUANTIFIERS

neither of them?

none of them?

either of them?

any of them?

FEW LITTLE

VS.

A FEW A LITTLE

PASSIVE

IMPERSONAL STRUCTURE

PERSONAL STRUCTURE

SB IS SAID TO + bare infinitive + perfect infinitive

IT IS SAID THAT + a clause

CLAUSES OF PURPOSE

(in order) to

I turned on the radio(in order) to listen to the news. Włączyłem radio, żeby posłuchać wiadomości. He came into the bedroom very quietly in order not to wake her up. Wszedł cicho do sypialni, żeby jej nie obudzić.

+ bezokolicznik

so as to/ so as not to

+ zdanie

so that

I do exercise so as to lose weight. Ćwiczę, aby stracić na wadze. I went to the butcher’s so as to buy some ground meat for hamburgers. Poszłam do sklepu mięsnego, żeby kupić mięso mielone na hamburgery.

I’ve saved up extra money so that I can buy a new car. Zaoszczędziłem dodatkowe pieniądze, aby kupić nowe auto. I’m trying to complete my tasks today so that I will have a few days off next week. Staram się dziś dokończyć zadania, aby mieć kilka dni wolnych od pracy w przyszłym tygodniu. John gave them a map so that they would find the exact address very quickly. John wręczył im mapę, żeby szybko znaleźli dokładny adres. The doctor prescribed the patient sleeping pills so that she could get some sleep. Lekarz przepisał pacjentce tabletki nasenne, aby mogła zasnąć.

odniesienie do teraźniejszości i przyszłości

odniesienie do przeszłości

CLAUSES OF CONCESSION

however

despite

in spite of

Although it was raining, I went jogging in the park. Chociaż padało, wybrałem się do parku, aby pobiegać.

although

even though

Even though I’m not in a good mood, I will go to the party. Mimo że nie jestem w dobrym nastroju, pójdę na imprezę.

This is easy to do. However, there are catches. To jest łatwe do zrobienia. Jednak są haczyki.

In spite of/ Despite being tired, I went out. In spite of/Despite tiredness, I went out. In spite of/Despite the fact that I was tired, I went out.

In spite of/ Despite + gerund(forma z -ing) + rzeczownik + the fact that...