Historical Development of Mathematics
Historical Development of Mathematics
"Math is Our Life" project team presents
TEAMS
INDIAN-ISLAM RENAISANCE
M.Ö 2000
ANCIENT GREECE
17TH 18TH CENTURY
EGYPT & MESOPOTAMIA
MODERN AGE
1900
500
500
1700
EGYPT & MESOPOTAMIA
Home
Birth of mathematics
The world is made up of patterns and sequences: the day becomes night, the landscapes are constantly changing, the phases of the moon and the seasons. One of the reasons mathematics arose was the need to understand and explain the patterns by which nature is driven. Some of the most banal mathematical concepts are deep in the human brain, and are also observed in other animal species. For the latter, assessing the distance of food or predator is a factor that makes the difference between life and death. The one who put these simple concepts together, bound them together, began to count, and thus gave birth to the entire mathematical universe is man. Our prehistoric ancestors would have had a general sensitivity about the sums, and would have instinctively known the difference between, say, one and two antelopes. But the intellectual leap from the concrete idea of two things to the invention of a symbol or word for the abstract idea of "two" was lasting.
Even today, there are isolated hunter-gatherer tribes in the Amazonia that have only words for "one," "two" and "many," and others that only have words for numbers up to five. In the absence of established agriculture and trade, there is no need for a formal system of numbers.
Read more
Home
Back
The Egyptians and pre-dynastic Sumerians represented geometric patterns on their artifacts as early as the 5th B.C., also some megalithic societies in northern Europe in the 3rd millennium B.C. Mathematics itself initially developed largely in response to bureaucratic needs when civilizations established and developed agriculture – for measuring plots of land, taxing individuals, etc. – and this took place for the first time in the Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations of Mesopotamia (approximately, modern Iraq) and in ancient Egypt.
Mathematics does not have a clearly defined beginning, but the occurrence of mathematics is closely related to human evolution. People may have developed certain mathematical skills even before the occurrence of writing. The oldest mathematical object is the Lebombo Bone, a baboon's fibula with 29 notches, discovered in the Lebombo mountains of South Africa and dates back to 43,000 B.C.
The oldest object that proves the existence of a method of calculation is the bone in Ishango, Democratic Republic of Congo, which dates back to 20,000 B.C. It has been said that the marks on the object, a series of incisions arranged on three columns along the bone, are not random and that it is probably some kind of counting tool used to perform simple mathematical procedures.
During the Egyptian predynasties of the 5th millennium B.C. some geometric paintings appeared.
There are many theories that have been discovered by mathematicians solely on the basis of introspection, thought, mental calculus, without previously being observed in nature. The fact that it was then concluded that they describe so wonderfully the world in which we live is the great mystery. In fact, it was precisely this fact that got people thinking: If through our own mind, starting from certain simple mathematical theories, verifiable by experiment and observation, we mentally develop new theories, then is Mathematics invented by us or just discovered?
Stonehenge, a Neolithic ceremonial and astronomical monument in England dating back to around 2300 B.C., also undoubtedly presents examples of the use of 60 and 360 in the measurements of the circle, a practice that probably developed quite independently of the sexagesimal counting system of the ancient Sumerians and Babylonians.
There is evidence of basic arithmetic and geometric notations on petroglyphs at the Knowth and Newgrange funeral mounds in Ireland (dating from approximately 3500 B.C., respectively 3200 B.C.). They use a repeated zigzag glyph for counting, a system that continued to be used in the UK and Ireland in the first millennium B.C.
Click Here
Click Here
Click Here
Click Here
INDIAN-ISLAM- RENAISANCE
Fibonacci
Harezmi
Omar Khayyam
Newton
Fermat
Descartes
Go back
Leonardo Fibonacci
Leonardo of Pisa (1170-1250)
LIBER ABBACI
Leonardo Fibonacci of Pisa is the foremost Mathematician in pre-Renaissance Europe.
The Golden Ratio φ
Fibonacci Sequence
References
Works
Biography
Go back
PIERRE DE FERMAT
1607-12 january 1665
But it is impossible to divide a cube into two cubes, or a fourth power into fourth powers, or generally any power beyond the square into like powers; of this I have found a remarkable demonstration. This margin is too narrow to contain it.
work1
work2
References
Biography
Works
Go back
Newton
1642 – 1726 A.D.
" Was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author (described in his own day as a 'natural philosopher') who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution."
work1
work2
References
Biography
Works
Go back
Harezmi
780-850 A.D.
"He was one of the first classics of Islam and the first scholar of the school in Baghdad, a pioneer in mathematics. Thus, he is often quoted as "the father of algebra"
work1
work2
References
Biography
Works
Go back
Omer Khayyam
(18 June 1048 - 4 December 1131)
Dear, you and I are like compassesWe have two heads, one body.No matter how long I turn around,Aren't we going to give it alone sooner or later? -Omer Khayyam-
Jalal Calendar
Binomial Theorem
References
Biography
Works
Go back
René Descartes
"It seeks better to defeat you than fate and to change your desires rather than the order of the world."
work 1
References
Biography
Works
work 2
ANCIENT GREECE
Thales
Hypatia
Archimedes
Plato
Euclid
Pythagoras
Go back
Pythagoras
(c. 570 – c. 495 BC)
''All things are numbers.'' -PYTHAGORAS-
Contributionsto Mathematıcs
PythagoreanTheorem
References
Biography
Thales
Go back
(624 BC-524 BC)
"
The most difficult thing in life is to know yourself.
-Thales
CONTRIBUTIONS TO MATHEMATICS
Thales Theorem
Biography
References
Go back
plato
( 427 BC - 347 BC )
"The highest form of püre thought is in mathematichs"
contributionsto maths
Platonic Solids
contributions to maths
References
Biography
Go back
Euclid
He is a the father of geometry
The GCD method
Book of Elements
References
Biography
Works
Go back
Archimedes
( 287 BC - 212 BC )
"Mathematics reveals its secrets only to those who approach it with pure love.”
Contributions to maths
Contributions to maths
Contributios to maths
Biography
References
Go back
hypatia
of Alexandria (355 or 370 c. to 415)
"Defend your right to think, because even thinking in a wrong way is better than not thinking."
Works
References
Biography
Discoveries
Work
17TH 18TH CENTURY
Riemann
Cauchy
D'alembert
Laplace
Euler
Gauss
Go back
Jean Le Rond d'Alembert
He is a French mathematician, mechanic, physicist and philosopher
References
Biography
work 1
work2
Works
Carl Friedrich Gauss
Go back
German mathematian, generally regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time for his contributions to number theory, geometry, probability theory, geodesy, planetary.
References
Biography
Works
work 1
work2
Go back
LEONHARD EULER
"Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) is the greatest mathematician of the eighteenth century.
works
References
work 1
work 2
Biography
Pierre-Simon Laplace
Go back
He was a French mathematician and scientist. He is sometimes called the “Newton of France”, because of his wide range of interests, and the enormous impact of his work.
Laplace expansion
References
Biography
Probability
Works
Augustin Louis Cauchy
Go back
French mathematician and physicist. He has contributed to many areas of mathematics, he has dozens of theorems bearing his own last name.
References
Biography
work 1
work2
Works
Go back
LEONHARD EULER
"Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) is the greatest mathematician of the eighteenth century.
works
References
work 1
work 2
Biography
Go back
Bernhard Riemann
A genius mathematician who gave meaning to the theory of many scientists and fit many formulas in his short life of 40 years
References
Biography
work 1
work2
Works
Go back
David Hilbert
(1862 -1943 )
"Wir müssen wissen, wir werden wissen. (We need to know, we will.)"
Works
work2
work 1
References
Biography
modern age
Cahit Arf
George Cantor
David Hilbert
Go back
CAHİT ARF
(1910-1997)
"I dedicated my life to mathematics, in return it gave me my life back."
Works
work2
work 1
References
Biography
Go back
George Cantor
Τhe matician who managed to measure infinity and ... ended up in a psychiatric hospital.
Cantor's work
Cantor's Axiom
Diagonal Argument
References
Biography
Historical Development of Mathematics
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Transcript
Historical Development of Mathematics
Historical Development of Mathematics
"Math is Our Life" project team presents
TEAMS
INDIAN-ISLAM RENAISANCE
M.Ö 2000
ANCIENT GREECE
17TH 18TH CENTURY
EGYPT & MESOPOTAMIA
MODERN AGE
1900
500
500
1700
EGYPT & MESOPOTAMIA
Home
Birth of mathematics
The world is made up of patterns and sequences: the day becomes night, the landscapes are constantly changing, the phases of the moon and the seasons. One of the reasons mathematics arose was the need to understand and explain the patterns by which nature is driven. Some of the most banal mathematical concepts are deep in the human brain, and are also observed in other animal species. For the latter, assessing the distance of food or predator is a factor that makes the difference between life and death. The one who put these simple concepts together, bound them together, began to count, and thus gave birth to the entire mathematical universe is man. Our prehistoric ancestors would have had a general sensitivity about the sums, and would have instinctively known the difference between, say, one and two antelopes. But the intellectual leap from the concrete idea of two things to the invention of a symbol or word for the abstract idea of "two" was lasting. Even today, there are isolated hunter-gatherer tribes in the Amazonia that have only words for "one," "two" and "many," and others that only have words for numbers up to five. In the absence of established agriculture and trade, there is no need for a formal system of numbers.
Read more
Home
Back
The Egyptians and pre-dynastic Sumerians represented geometric patterns on their artifacts as early as the 5th B.C., also some megalithic societies in northern Europe in the 3rd millennium B.C. Mathematics itself initially developed largely in response to bureaucratic needs when civilizations established and developed agriculture – for measuring plots of land, taxing individuals, etc. – and this took place for the first time in the Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations of Mesopotamia (approximately, modern Iraq) and in ancient Egypt.
Mathematics does not have a clearly defined beginning, but the occurrence of mathematics is closely related to human evolution. People may have developed certain mathematical skills even before the occurrence of writing. The oldest mathematical object is the Lebombo Bone, a baboon's fibula with 29 notches, discovered in the Lebombo mountains of South Africa and dates back to 43,000 B.C.
The oldest object that proves the existence of a method of calculation is the bone in Ishango, Democratic Republic of Congo, which dates back to 20,000 B.C. It has been said that the marks on the object, a series of incisions arranged on three columns along the bone, are not random and that it is probably some kind of counting tool used to perform simple mathematical procedures. During the Egyptian predynasties of the 5th millennium B.C. some geometric paintings appeared.
There are many theories that have been discovered by mathematicians solely on the basis of introspection, thought, mental calculus, without previously being observed in nature. The fact that it was then concluded that they describe so wonderfully the world in which we live is the great mystery. In fact, it was precisely this fact that got people thinking: If through our own mind, starting from certain simple mathematical theories, verifiable by experiment and observation, we mentally develop new theories, then is Mathematics invented by us or just discovered?
Stonehenge, a Neolithic ceremonial and astronomical monument in England dating back to around 2300 B.C., also undoubtedly presents examples of the use of 60 and 360 in the measurements of the circle, a practice that probably developed quite independently of the sexagesimal counting system of the ancient Sumerians and Babylonians.
There is evidence of basic arithmetic and geometric notations on petroglyphs at the Knowth and Newgrange funeral mounds in Ireland (dating from approximately 3500 B.C., respectively 3200 B.C.). They use a repeated zigzag glyph for counting, a system that continued to be used in the UK and Ireland in the first millennium B.C.
Click Here
Click Here
Click Here
Click Here
INDIAN-ISLAM- RENAISANCE
Fibonacci
Harezmi
Omar Khayyam
Newton
Fermat
Descartes
Go back
Leonardo Fibonacci
Leonardo of Pisa (1170-1250)
LIBER ABBACI
Leonardo Fibonacci of Pisa is the foremost Mathematician in pre-Renaissance Europe.
The Golden Ratio φ
Fibonacci Sequence
References
Works
Biography
Go back
PIERRE DE FERMAT
1607-12 january 1665
But it is impossible to divide a cube into two cubes, or a fourth power into fourth powers, or generally any power beyond the square into like powers; of this I have found a remarkable demonstration. This margin is too narrow to contain it.
work1
work2
References
Biography
Works
Go back
Newton
1642 – 1726 A.D.
" Was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author (described in his own day as a 'natural philosopher') who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution."
work1
work2
References
Biography
Works
Go back
Harezmi
780-850 A.D.
"He was one of the first classics of Islam and the first scholar of the school in Baghdad, a pioneer in mathematics. Thus, he is often quoted as "the father of algebra"
work1
work2
References
Biography
Works
Go back
Omer Khayyam
(18 June 1048 - 4 December 1131)
Dear, you and I are like compassesWe have two heads, one body.No matter how long I turn around,Aren't we going to give it alone sooner or later? -Omer Khayyam-
Jalal Calendar
Binomial Theorem
References
Biography
Works
Go back
René Descartes
"It seeks better to defeat you than fate and to change your desires rather than the order of the world."
work 1
References
Biography
Works
work 2
ANCIENT GREECE
Thales
Hypatia
Archimedes
Plato
Euclid
Pythagoras
Go back
Pythagoras
(c. 570 – c. 495 BC)
''All things are numbers.'' -PYTHAGORAS-
Contributionsto Mathematıcs
PythagoreanTheorem
References
Biography
Thales
Go back
(624 BC-524 BC)
" The most difficult thing in life is to know yourself.
-Thales
CONTRIBUTIONS TO MATHEMATICS
Thales Theorem
Biography
References
Go back
plato
( 427 BC - 347 BC )
"The highest form of püre thought is in mathematichs"
contributionsto maths
Platonic Solids
contributions to maths
References
Biography
Go back
Euclid
He is a the father of geometry
The GCD method
Book of Elements
References
Biography
Works
Go back
Archimedes
( 287 BC - 212 BC )
"Mathematics reveals its secrets only to those who approach it with pure love.”
Contributions to maths
Contributions to maths
Contributios to maths
Biography
References
Go back
hypatia
of Alexandria (355 or 370 c. to 415)
"Defend your right to think, because even thinking in a wrong way is better than not thinking."
Works
References
Biography
Discoveries
Work
17TH 18TH CENTURY
Riemann
Cauchy
D'alembert
Laplace
Euler
Gauss
Go back
Jean Le Rond d'Alembert
He is a French mathematician, mechanic, physicist and philosopher
References
Biography
work 1
work2
Works
Carl Friedrich Gauss
Go back
German mathematian, generally regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time for his contributions to number theory, geometry, probability theory, geodesy, planetary.
References
Biography
Works
work 1
work2
Go back
LEONHARD EULER
"Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) is the greatest mathematician of the eighteenth century.
works
References
work 1
work 2
Biography
Pierre-Simon Laplace
Go back
He was a French mathematician and scientist. He is sometimes called the “Newton of France”, because of his wide range of interests, and the enormous impact of his work.
Laplace expansion
References
Biography
Probability
Works
Augustin Louis Cauchy
Go back
French mathematician and physicist. He has contributed to many areas of mathematics, he has dozens of theorems bearing his own last name.
References
Biography
work 1
work2
Works
Go back
LEONHARD EULER
"Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) is the greatest mathematician of the eighteenth century.
works
References
work 1
work 2
Biography
Go back
Bernhard Riemann
A genius mathematician who gave meaning to the theory of many scientists and fit many formulas in his short life of 40 years
References
Biography
work 1
work2
Works
Go back
David Hilbert
(1862 -1943 )
"Wir müssen wissen, wir werden wissen. (We need to know, we will.)"
Works
work2
work 1
References
Biography
modern age
Cahit Arf
George Cantor
David Hilbert
Go back
CAHİT ARF
(1910-1997)
"I dedicated my life to mathematics, in return it gave me my life back."
Works
work2
work 1
References
Biography
Go back
George Cantor
Τhe matician who managed to measure infinity and ... ended up in a psychiatric hospital.
Cantor's work
Cantor's Axiom
Diagonal Argument
References
Biography