Future forms

futureforms

prerequisites

objectives

What do we know?

What are we going to learn?

Be going to

Present simple

Will

Present continuous

Be going tovs. will

Present continuous as future

Present simple as future

1.

Be going to

To form affirmative sentences, we need thesubject + the present simple of the auxiliary to be + going to + the base form of the main verb Negative sentences: subject + to be + not + going to + base form Interrogative sentences: to be + subject + going to + base form Short answers: Yes, subject + to be / No, subject + to be + not

1.

Be going to

1.

Be going to

we use be going to...

1. TO TALK ABOUT FUTURE PLANS AND INTENTIONS

I’m going to drive to work today. They are going to move to Manchester. What are you going to do this weekend?

2. TO MAKE PREDICTIONS BASED ON A PRESENT evidence (something ThAT IS LIKELY TO HAPPEN)

Be careful! You are going to fall. Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain soon. Look at that car! It’s going to crash with the yellow one.

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2.

will

Will is a modal verb and it is invariable (the same for all subjects). To form affirmative sentences, we need thesubject + will ('ll) + the base form of the main verb Negative sentences: subject + won't (will not) + base form Interrogative sentences: will + subject + base form Short answers: Yes, subject + will / No, subject + won't

2.

will

Short answers: Yes, I/you/he/she/it/you/we/they will. No, I/you/he/she/it/you/we/they won't.

2.

will

we use will...

1. TO EXPRESS GENERAL FUTURE FACTS AND INEVITABLE FUTURE ACTIONS

My mother will be 50 tomorrow. I'll become a mother in May.

2. TO MAKE GENERAL PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE FUTURE

Traffic on the roads will increase in the next few years. Global warming will increase by 2020.

2.

will

we use will...

3. TO EXPRESS OPINIONS ABOUT THE FUTURE

I hope Brazil will win the World Cup. Sarah is sure you'll enjoy the film. Scientists think that the weather will be probably warmer.

4. TO MAKE OFFERS (when you offer to do something)

Don’t worry, I’ll help you. That bag is so heavy! I’ll carry it for you.

2.

will

we use will...

5. TO MAKE PROMISES or THREATS

We'll send you an email. (promise) I promise I won’t tell anyone what happened. (promise) If you do that, I’ll get angry. (threat) He’ll pay for what he did. (threat)

6. TO EXPRESS SPONTANEOUS ACTIONS (decisions taken at the moment of speaking)

I’ve left the door open. I’ll go and shut it. I forgot to phone Lucy. I’ll phone her now.

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3.

be going to vs will

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PRESENT CONTINUOUS WITH A FUTURE MEANING

4.

we use THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS...

TO TALK ABOUT FUTURE PLANS OR ARRANGEMENTS

I’m meeting Jim at the airport tomorrow. They are coming to see us next Monday. We’re having a party at Christmas.

Everything has already been decided and arranged before.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS WITH A FUTURE MEANING

4.

be careful (1)

I’m playing football now = PRESENT

I’m playing football tomorrow = FUTURE

When we talk about future plans, the present continuous should be accompanied by future time expressions like: tonight, tomorrow, next week/month/year, at the weekend...

PRESENT CONTINUOUS WITH A FUTURE MEANING

4.

be careful (2)

We're going to meet Anna soon = INTENTION

We're meeting Anna at the station this afternoon = ARRANGEMENT

Be going to expresses an intention to do something in the future. We use the present continuous when everything has already been decided and planned before.

PRESENT simple WITH A FUTURE MEANING

5.

we use THE PRESENT simple...

TO TALK ABOUT future EVENTS when they are part of a timetable or programme

The train arrives at 6.30 in the morning. What time does the plane take off? The film begins at 8 o'clock p.m.

TIMETABLE refers to times of trains, buses, planes or cinema, theatre, sporting events, lessons.

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well done!