UNIT 8. THE FIRST CIVILISATIONS: MESOPOTAMIA AND EGYPT
INDEX
1. Mesopotamia, the land between two rivers
2. Egypt at the time of the paraophs
3. Everyday life in Ancient Egypt
4. Gods and temples
5. Egyptian tombs
INTRODUCTION
What are we going to study in this unit?
In this Unit we are going to study HISTORY (writing appears!!). Writing and cities appears for the first time in two major CIVILISATIONS, but: what is a civilisation? It's the set of customs, ideas, beliefs and culture that characterized a group of people at a certain time. Mesopotamia and Egypt are river valley civilizations (civilizaciones fluviales), because they grew up around rivers. Around 6000 years ago, in the Middle East, some Neolithic villages became urban civilisations. We are going to explore them...
MESOPOTAMIA, THE LAND BETWEEN TWO RIVERS
EGYPT AT THE TIME OF THE PARAOPHS
THE PERIODS OF ANCIENT EGYPT
WRITING: HIEROGLYPHICS
EGYPT AT THE TIME OF THE PARAOPHS
THE NILE
Egypt can not be understand without the Nile. Egypt is a large desert, and the Nile provide water for irrigation, a way of transport, etc. Egypt has two regions: - Lower Egypt: a large valley in the Nile Delta - Upper Egypt: an arid region
EGYPT AT THE TIME OF THE PHARAOHS
THE PHARAOHS
Pharaohs had absolute power. They owned all the land and their subjects saw them as gods.
EGYPT AT THE TIME OF THE PARAOPHS
He had military, political and religious power
EGYPTIAN SOCIETY
Privileged class. They owned a lot of land and wealth. Priests conducted religious rites and controlled land around the temple
They defended the Empire
They calculate taxes, organised the army and transcribed the pharaoh's orders. They were privileged class
They traded products and paid taxes
Most of the people were peasants. They cultivate the land. Slaves were treated as objects. They were the lowest class of society
Artisans who worked in textiles, metals, carpentry. They paid taxes
EVERYDAY LIFE IN ANCIENT EGYPT
Most people were peasants. They lived in small villages, in houses made of adobe bricks. Wealthy people had bigger residences, surrounded by walls.
Clothes
EVERYDAY LIFE IN ANCIENT EGYPT
Artisan's neighbourhood
Rural residence of a noble family
WOMEN IN ANCIENT EGYPT
Nefertiti
Women in ancient Egypt are equal to men under the law. However, Ancient Egypt was a society dominated by men and was patriarchal in nature. Women could own property, sign contracts, or even run a business. In Egypt there was divorce, which could be requested for many reasons (such as sterility). Both the man and the woman could request it and each recovered what he had contributed to the marriage before getting married. They could have a job: priestessis, midwives, weavers, artists... Poor women had to work hard, rich women were in charge of house and childs.
GODS AND TEMPLES
ARCHITECTURE
- Use of lintels (nor arches or vaults) - Monumentalism - Made by stone - Decoration: engravings, sculptures, paintings... The most important building was the TEMPLE.
GODS AND TEMPLES
ARCHITECTURE
THE MUMMIFICATION PROCESS
THE JUDGEMENT OF OSIRIS
EGYPTIAN TOMBS
The first Egyptian tombs were called mastabas. Later, these developed into pyramids. Due to frequent thefts, pharaohs were later buried in hypogeums.
EGYPTIAN TOMBS
The first Egyptian tombs were called mastabas. Later, these developed into pyramids. Due to frequent thefts, pharaohs were later buried in hypogeums.
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Transcript
UNIT 8. THE FIRST CIVILISATIONS: MESOPOTAMIA AND EGYPT
INDEX
1. Mesopotamia, the land between two rivers
2. Egypt at the time of the paraophs
3. Everyday life in Ancient Egypt
4. Gods and temples
5. Egyptian tombs
INTRODUCTION
What are we going to study in this unit?
In this Unit we are going to study HISTORY (writing appears!!). Writing and cities appears for the first time in two major CIVILISATIONS, but: what is a civilisation? It's the set of customs, ideas, beliefs and culture that characterized a group of people at a certain time. Mesopotamia and Egypt are river valley civilizations (civilizaciones fluviales), because they grew up around rivers. Around 6000 years ago, in the Middle East, some Neolithic villages became urban civilisations. We are going to explore them...
MESOPOTAMIA, THE LAND BETWEEN TWO RIVERS
EGYPT AT THE TIME OF THE PARAOPHS
THE PERIODS OF ANCIENT EGYPT
WRITING: HIEROGLYPHICS
EGYPT AT THE TIME OF THE PARAOPHS
THE NILE
Egypt can not be understand without the Nile. Egypt is a large desert, and the Nile provide water for irrigation, a way of transport, etc. Egypt has two regions: - Lower Egypt: a large valley in the Nile Delta - Upper Egypt: an arid region
EGYPT AT THE TIME OF THE PHARAOHS
THE PHARAOHS
Pharaohs had absolute power. They owned all the land and their subjects saw them as gods.
EGYPT AT THE TIME OF THE PARAOPHS
He had military, political and religious power
EGYPTIAN SOCIETY
Privileged class. They owned a lot of land and wealth. Priests conducted religious rites and controlled land around the temple
They defended the Empire
They calculate taxes, organised the army and transcribed the pharaoh's orders. They were privileged class
They traded products and paid taxes
Most of the people were peasants. They cultivate the land. Slaves were treated as objects. They were the lowest class of society
Artisans who worked in textiles, metals, carpentry. They paid taxes
EVERYDAY LIFE IN ANCIENT EGYPT
Most people were peasants. They lived in small villages, in houses made of adobe bricks. Wealthy people had bigger residences, surrounded by walls.
Clothes
EVERYDAY LIFE IN ANCIENT EGYPT
Artisan's neighbourhood
Rural residence of a noble family
WOMEN IN ANCIENT EGYPT
Nefertiti
Women in ancient Egypt are equal to men under the law. However, Ancient Egypt was a society dominated by men and was patriarchal in nature. Women could own property, sign contracts, or even run a business. In Egypt there was divorce, which could be requested for many reasons (such as sterility). Both the man and the woman could request it and each recovered what he had contributed to the marriage before getting married. They could have a job: priestessis, midwives, weavers, artists... Poor women had to work hard, rich women were in charge of house and childs.
GODS AND TEMPLES
ARCHITECTURE
- Use of lintels (nor arches or vaults) - Monumentalism - Made by stone - Decoration: engravings, sculptures, paintings... The most important building was the TEMPLE.
GODS AND TEMPLES
ARCHITECTURE
THE MUMMIFICATION PROCESS
THE JUDGEMENT OF OSIRIS
EGYPTIAN TOMBS
The first Egyptian tombs were called mastabas. Later, these developed into pyramids. Due to frequent thefts, pharaohs were later buried in hypogeums.
EGYPTIAN TOMBS
The first Egyptian tombs were called mastabas. Later, these developed into pyramids. Due to frequent thefts, pharaohs were later buried in hypogeums.