LLCE Cultural Diary Elisa

Cultural

Sept. 2020

#01.0

The cultural diary should be illustrated, cleverly designed, and laid out in order to be clear and attractive.

Diary

"intellectuals can debate, idiots just argue"

Debating is often defined as "argue about (a subject), especially in a formal manner". However the action of debating could aslo be considered as a form of art. Indeed, debates are a great part of our society, and is willing to solve its problems whether they're small or big.

Art et débat d'idée

The art of debating

I) What is debating? - William shakespeare : Love's Labour's Losst (1596) and Riochard III - Extract from The Great Debaters (Denzel Washington 2007) - Text : 8 ways to win an argument.

Key question :

How can the power of words be double-edged? To what extent can we say that debating is an art?

II) The art of rhetoric : Debating at its best. - Video Obama's immigration Speech from 2013 -Poem "The owl and the Nightingale"

III) Courtroom Orators - Text "Where the Crowdads Sing (Delia Owens 2018) - Video 'Johnnie Cochran responds to the n word.

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Before you start :Don't forget to click on the info button when you see one.

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They look like this and contain some extra informations about some documents.

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don't foget to click on the info button (that looks just like this) when you one.

Best known works of Shakespeare

Shakespeare (1564–1616)

"England's national poet"

Wrote 37 plays Father of Three Married to Anne Hathaway Created the globe theater

William Shakespeare is a British poet from the renaissance. He is know thought the world for his dramatic plays, like Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, or "A Midsummer Night's Dream" ( Songe d'une nuit d'été).His personal life was quite mysterious. For instance, we are not even sure his date of birth is right!In 1593, he also wrote a play called "Love Labour's Lost", and another one called "Richard III", which we are going to talk about.

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Richard III

The extract we studied is the first scne from the second act. It portrays the situation in which Richard threatens to kill himself if Lady Anne refuses to marry him. This document can be related to our theme because of the way Richard is trying to negociate with Lady Anne. His speech must be well structured if he wants to convince her.

William Shakespeare 1591

Richard III is a 1591's play written by Shakespeare and played for the first time in 1633, so 17 years after Shakespeare's death. The play tells the story of Richard III from his access to the trone to his unexpected and brutal fall.

Love's Lost Labour

William Shakespeare 1596

recognized by Lord Byron, a young man who claims to have given up on life's pleasures in order to focus as much as possible on his studies. The short interaction between Rosaline and Biron can be called a battle of wits, in which Rosaline is winning thanks to her punchlines and great spread.

Love's lost Labour is a William Shakespeare play wrote and played for the first time in 1597. It deals with some classic comedies's issues like politics of love, marriage, and power.We studied the scene 2.1.116, in which Lady Rosaline seemed to be

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The Great Debaters

Extract from "The Great Debaters" (Denzel Washington 2007)

"The time for justice, the time for freedom and for equality is always right now"

"The Great Debaters is a 2007's movie that was produced with Denzel Washinton, a famous american actor. The movie is inspired by the real story of a black american teacher from a college in texas that formed students to be the first black debate team. The movie deals with the difficulties of the black community to integrate the white society in the '30's ( because of the legallity of segregation), especially when it comes to education. Despite having the experience of the situation they need to talk about, the main characters will have to learn the laws of debate, and the techniques and

rules the must respect to win the wits they'll be faced through. We studied the extract of the first debate, in which the student are confronted to an other student from Oklahoma City College.This extract is heavely related to or theme because the girl knows how to be a good orator: She is using the right words to touch the audience with her convictions. In the end, she suceeded into winning the argument despite her bad start.

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The Great Debaters poster

Debate illustration

Theater

Shakespeare portrait

Be relevant

Be congent

Look for the weak spots

Don’t get bogged down

Focus on the main points

Anticipate your weaknesses

Don't restrict yourself

Prove you thesis

Some themes turn out to be at the core of a debate. Try to focus on the heart of the issue / avoid side-tracks

Different types of arguments can be attacked in different ways, so we prefer the word ‘critique’.

Too often a debater will get stuck on a single aspect of the problem. You need to widen your area of attack.

When arguing it's important to be convincing and clear. You must find evidence to support your claims.

Break out of the echo chamber

Build your argument

Counter objections

Listen

Let everyone speak

Anticipate

Justify the justification

Winning an argument is at least as much about listening as it is about talking. Let everyone else have their say. Shortest points can be sharp.

Most of us like to share our opinions, but too often we talk only to others who agree with us.

Go further. Look at the reasons you believe you’re right and find reasons why those reasons are true.

The best debaters know what their opponents’ arguments are going to be before they even hear them.

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Personal document

"Le Mariage de Figaro"

or "La folle Journée"

(Governor of Andalusia), that wants to steal Suzane, Figaro's wife. The story is of course filled with other plot twits and squabble that will take Figaro throught diverse adventures, in which he will be forced to be witty, and use cunnings in order to trick his ennemies. However, the play does not only involve Figaro's problems. In fact, every character of the play is showing a way to improve the dialogue with the others, and is using some of the debate's techniques we've seen before. That is why I thought this document would be a great add to our theme.

Beaumarchais a french author that was born in january 1737 in Paris and died in 1799. He was a wtchmaker's son and grew up in a wealthy family. Beaumarchais is famous for his multiple comedy plays like "Le Barbier de Seville" (or "The Barber") in 1764, or "La Mère Coupable" in 1792. However, his most famous piece of work is indeed the one we are going to talk about : "Le Mariage de Figaro", or translated "The Marriage of Figaro" that was published in 1784. This french comedy deals with the main character's weeding day that is fufilled with issues and misunderstood. Indeed, Figaro is threatened by the Count Almaviva

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Obama's Immigration reform speech

San Francisco November 15 2013

On the 15 of November, 2013 took place Obama's speech about the new reform concerning immigration. While Obama was politely giving his speech, a man from the back of the scene screamed during the discussion to question the USA's president on deportation. Even though Obama was interrupted by the spectator, he remained calm and did his best to understand the man's point of view. He considered his worries wisely and explained his own points in a very democratic and compassionate

way. The president used a serene gesture and body language, and talked to the man as an equal in order to prevent the audience from going wild. He also made very great use out of the debate techniques called Pathos, Logos, and Ethos.

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The Owl and the Nightingale

The Owl and the Nightingale is a very old poem from approximatly 1189 written by an anonymous ritter. The middle England's poem depects a discussion between the two haracters quoted in the title, which can be interpretated as a debate. While reading this poem, we can notice a clear contrast between the two birds: in one hand, the owl is described as a dirty and ugly animal, that is respectful and gentle towards the other bird, and in the other hand, the Nightingale is

described as a beautiful and gorgeous animal with an angelic voice, that however seems aggressive and disrespectful. We can analyse the two character's dialogue and come to the conclusion that the Owl is very witty, and that she can use the art of rhetoric in order to have what she wants. Furthermore, the Nithingale also shows a form of cleverness throughout her speech. In the end, the moral of the story is ageless.

From 1189

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Where the Crawdads sing,

by Delia Owens, 2018

Deanbtes in courtroom

Amazon’s list of Most Sold Books in fiction. The story follows two timelines that will merge into each others thoughout the book. The first timeline tells the story of a young girl named Kya in North Carolina in the 50's and 60's. The second timeline follows the investigation on Chase Andrews's murder, a local celebrity of Barkley Cove, one coastal town located in North Carolina. The extract we studied takes place in the middle of Kya's trial, in which we could observe a witness's testimony. The document showed us how the lewyer had to use their detor's talents to be

Delia Owens is an american writer, born in California in 1949. She spented her childhood in the rural Georgia of the 50's, and moved to Africa (Desert of Kalahari in Botswana) with her then husband Mark Owens in 1974 in order to study biology and nature. She published her first novel in 2018 and named it "Where the Crawdads sing" that has topped The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2019 and The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2020 for several weeks. By December 2019, her book had sold over 4.5 million copies, and was also No. 1 for 2019 on

succesful in a courtroom situation like this one. In the beginning, the reader is tempted to believe the witness because of the apparent accuracy of his testimony. However, when the other lawyer starts his speech, we discover the unvalidity of his logic. As the second lawyer goes on, he takes away the credibility of the witness. He uses good points to show the jury that his client is probably innocent. This document is related to our theme because it shows that the technics used in courtrooms are the same then the one used during debates.

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Johnnie Cochran and O.J Simpson

American crime story

Johnnie Cochran was born on the second of October 1937 in Shreveport, USA. He died on March 29, 2005, in Los Angeles. Johnnie Cochran was a well known american lawyer that will interest us for the part he played in the trial of O.J. Simpson. O.J. Simpso was a professional former football running back. Howerver, what will catch our attention for this part is the murder case in which he was accused of killing his wife that lasted for about a year. Johnnie Cochran was his lawyer during his trial.

American crime story is an american lawyer and justice serie that was first premiered in 2016. Starring big american stars like David Schwimmer, John Travolta, Penelope Cruz, or Sarah Paulson, the show received multiple rewards like one Emmy Award for the best actress in a short TV show in 2016, and one "America Award" for the best show producer in 2017. The first season is based on Jeffrey Toobin's book "The Run of His Life: The people vs O.J. Simpson".

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Johnnie Cochran responds to the "n-word"

Extract from the serie "American Crime Story"

This famous and unforgetable response was played by Courtney B. Vance. In this scene, we can analyse the lawyer's response a debate response because it respects some basic rules of debating. From the body language to the vocabulary adopted , everything was settled for him to make a great use out of the methods .Also throughout the speech, he used some of his emotions to portray his deception and anger towards Chris Darden's remark.

We studied the extract of the show that recreated one big moment during the O.J Simpson's trial : Johnnie Cochran responds to the "n-word". Indeed, during the preliminary hearing of O.J Simpson's trial, Chris Darden (lawyer of the opposition) declared that "the N-Word Is A Filthy Word". This declaration lead to the angry response of Johnnie Cochran.

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Also throughout the speech, he used some of his emotions to portray his deception and anger towards Chris Darden's remark.

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Personal document

"How to get away with a murder"

A Drama serie of investigations

"How to get away with a murder", or more simply "Murder", is an american thriller and mystery serie of 6 seasons that was first published in 2014. It tells the story of Annalis Keating, a high-profile criminal defense attorney and law professor. In the first season, the one that will interest us the most, we follow the classes and lessons she gives her students at the Middleton University. Then, the enigma turns into the loss of a young girl named Lila. I think that this serie can nicely relate with our theme because of two things : First because of the classes Annalis Keating is giving in the beginning of

the serie. For instance, she is giving some great advices on the way to speak in front of the defense and the techniques and methods to use to get the jurors convinced. Secondly because of the mystery that surrounds the loss of Lila, and the ways Annalis is going to use the power of words to solve this unsual conundrum. I would indeed recommand this serie for the first and second season. However I found the rest kind of boring and way too over the top and out of the subject.

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NEWS

PAPER

In a nutshell, we studied debate in three major points : Debating's origines and true meaning, then how the art of rhetocric could push debate to its fullest, and finally the use that could be made of it in justice and courtrooms. Overall, we learned the basics and the stakes of debating by observing and analising different types of documents (videos, books, texts...).

In my opinion, this theme was interesting in some parts, but quit repetitive at some point. However I would say I enjoyed working on it.

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