THE UNIVERSE

THE UNIVERSE

What's the Universe? It is everything that exists in space

What can we find in the Universe?

Galaxies

Galaxies are made up of dust, gas and millions of stars. Galaxies have different shapes: elliptical, spiral or irregular. Our galaxy is spiral and is called the Milky Way

Stars

Stars produce heat and light. The Sun is the nearest star to the Earth.Stars have different colour, size and brightness. Colour: The hottest stars are white or blue. The coldest stars are orange or red.Size: dwarf stars, giants and supergiants.Brightness: The closest stars look brighter.

Planets

Planets orbit a star.There are eight planets in the Solar System: Mercury, Venus Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Dwarf planets are smaller than planets. Pluto is a dwarf planet.

Natural satellites

Natural satellites orbit a planet. The satellite of the Earth is the Moon.

Asteroids

Asteroids are made up of rocks

Comets

Comets are made up of ice and dust

Movements of the Earth

Rotation and revolution

Rotation

• The Earth rotates on its own axis.
• The Earth takes one day to complete an spin.
• Day and night are caused by the Earth's rotation.

Revolution

• The Earth revolves around the Sun
• The Earth takes one year to complete one orbit around the Sun.
• The seasons of the year are caused by the Earth's revolution.

LIFE ON EARTH

The Earth is the only planet in the Solar System with the conditions for life to exist.

80%

CONDITIONS

The temperature is not too hot and not too cold. Liquid water covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface The atmosphere surrounds the Earth and keeps it at a comfortable temperature. It contains the oxygen we breath.

THE MOON

Movements and phases

Rotation

Revolution

The Moon rotates on its axis,It takes about 28 days.

The Moon orbits the Earth.It takes about 28 days.

The time of rotation and revolution is the same, so we always see the same side of the Moon

Phases of the Moon

We see different parts of the Moon lit by the Sun

Third quarter

First quarter

We see half of the half of the Moon

We see half of the half of the Moon

Full Moon

New Moon

We can see the whole Moon

The side of the Moon lit by the Sun does not face the Earth.

Eclipses and

tides

Solar eclipses

Lunar eclipses

The Moon is between the Sun and the Earth.From the Earth it looks like the Sun is going dark.

The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon. From the Earth it looks like the Moon is disappearing,

High tide

Low tide

The water rises to its highest level

It is the lowest level of the water

Exploring the space

Exploring the space

First steps in space.

• The first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth was Sputnik 1
• The first crewed spacecraft was Vostok 1
• The first person to go into space was Yuri Gagarin.
• The first woman to fly into space was Valentina Tereshkova.

Exploring the space

Moon exploration

• TheApollo 11 landed on the Moon in 1969.

• Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin were the first persons to walk on the Moon

Exploring the space

Mars exploration

• In 1997 a spacecraft with a robot was sent to Mars to take photos and samples.

Space technology

Earth observation satellites

ACTS

They send us information about forecast.

They transmit radio, television, telephone and internet signals

Space debris

it is any human-made object in space that no longer serves a useful function.

International space stations

Hubble space telescope

Space stations are satellites with astronauts living on board.

It is the biggest telescope to explore outer space

Earth's problems

• Noise pollution
• Light pollution
• Air pollution
• Climate change