SHORT CONVERSATIONS

TOEEFL

shortConversations

Test Preparation Course

index

2. Check Time

3. Check Participants

4. Check Conditions, Wishes, and Causes and Results

1. Check Negatives

Practice

Practice

Practice

The correct audio will begin on second 0:48

Practice

Check negatives

THERE ARE SEVERAL NEGATIVE STRUCTURES IN ENGLISH

Negative Prefixes

deemphasizedisinterested illogial impossible inconsiderate irreplaceable nonpayment unattractive

(not emphasize)(no interested) (not logical) (not considerate) (not replaceable) (lack of payment) (not attractive)

Not and other negative words

Jhon is not here today. Jhon isn't here today Kelly has never been here before Nobody/ No one lives in this house None of that soup has been eaten There is no reason to be worried Nothing bothers her Michael was nowhere to be found

Almost negative expressions

Barely, hardly, and scarcely (which describe how much)Rarely and seldom (which describe how often)

NEGATIVES arevery common

Jhon was not impressed

Jhon was not unimpressed

+info

+info

Check time

Ver

You will hear: W: Is Andrew still looking for a new car? M: He bought one last week. Q: What does the man mean? You will read: A) Andrew is buying a new car this week. B) Andrew's new car lasted only a week. C) Andrew has borrowed my new car for the week. D) Andrew purchased a new car a week ago.

CHECK The participants

who does what?

examples

Peter gave Mary a ring.Who gave the ring? Peter

This ring was given to Mary by Peter. (Pssive Sentence) Who gave the ring? Peter

Learn more!

Peter got to give Mary a ring (Causative Construction) Who gave the ring? Joe

CONDITIONS,WISHES, AND CAUSES AND RESULTS

UTRUECounterfactual Conditionals

POSSIBLY TRUE IN THE FUTUREFuture Conditionals

TRUE Factual Conditionals

LESS POSSIBLY TRUE IN THE FUTUREHypothetical Conditionals

CONDITIONS

WISH CAUSE AND RESULTS

Cause and Results

Wish

VERBS: OTHER EXPRESSIONS: BECAUSE is followed by the cause. SO is followed by the result.

• causes
• creates
• leads to
• results in

• produces
• contributes to
• is responsible for
• gives rise to

PAIN(RESULT)

IMJURY (CAUSE)

WISH: I wish that you were a rock starREALITY: You are not a rock star

• therefore
• conseuently
• lfor this reason
• because of this
• as a result

Example

TOEFL

You will hear: W: M: Q:

Surprise! I thought I'd take a chance and see if you were at home.

Please come in! If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake!

What does the man mean?

explanation here

You will reada) He will bake a cake for the woman as soon as possible. b) He knew the woman was coming, so he baked a cake. c) He didn't know the woman was coming, so he didn't bake a cake d) Let's bake a cake when the woman comes.

¡Thanks!